The following are facts about the country of Belarus that you should know

The following are facts about the country of Belarus that you should know

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The following are facts about the country of Belarus

The following are facts about the country of Belarus that you should know

The etymology of the name belarusian is closely related to the term belaya rus, The name rus itself is often equated with the Latin form of the words russia and ruthenia, so belarusians are often referred to as white russia or white ruthenia.

The first use of the term white russia to refer to belarus occurred in the late 16th century by the englishman sir jerome horsey, known for his close contact with the royal courts of russia.

During the 17th century, tsarist Russia used the term white rus to describe the lands added from the grand duchy of Lithuania. The design of the flag consists of 2 main colors namely red and green accompanied by an ornament pattern placed on the side of the flagpole.

This national flag design was officially introduced in 2012 adapted from a design approved in a referendum in 1995. The design of the flag itself replaces the old flag design of belarus when the country was part of the soviet union Although there is no official interpretation for the color of the flag, the explanation given by president alexander lukashenko is that the red color on the flag symbolizes the freedom and sacrifice of the ancestors of the nation, while the green color symbolizes life.

Almost half or about 40% of the territory of Belarus consists of forests, this fact is also symbolized by the green stripe on the flag of the country.

The country is sometimes referred to as the lungs of europe, because of its countless forests, rivers and lakes. The belarusian national animal is the heaviest land mammal in the entire european continent, that is, the european bison. Bison are the largest land animals found only in the Americas and Europe.

Bison are horned mammals that live in groups, but unlike other groups of animals in general, bison herds usually group by gender and they will meet other groups when the mating season has arrived.

European bison mostly live in not too dense forests as well as on plains that are heavily overgrown with shrubs. The Belarusian ruble is the official currency used in the republic of belarus.

This currency is encoded with BYN. 1 Belarusian ruble if converted to the currency of our country has a value of about 5, 600 rupiah. Belarusian and Russian are considered the official languages of the country, but only about 10% of citizens use belarusian language in daily communication.

Most belarusians speak the trasianka language, which is a mixed language of Belarusian and Russian. The small number of native Belarusian speakers makes belarusian one of the endangered languages, according to UNESCO's list of vulnerable and endangered languages.

Under the rule of the soviet union, belarus was considered the silicon valley of the soviet union, since the country used to make 50% of the computers and computer parts of the soviet union.

Since the 1960s, belarusians have also been a center for software development and are responsible for having coined the term programmnoe obespechenie or software in russian. Despite its name as a republic, the country is considered a dictatorship, especially by the united states and many european countries.

Because since 1994, the country has been ruled by president alexander lukashenko. President Alexander Lukashenko is considered to have increased his presidential power so that he is considered a super president or dictator.

Lukashenko has been criticized by other European countries and the United States for political violence, human rights abuses and fraudulent elections that have been accused of causing him to be in power until now.

Although belarus is located in europe, the index of democracy of this country is very low. Freedom house calls belarus a non-free country. The index of economic freedom lists belarus as an oppressed country.

Reporters without borders listed belarus as a country of low press freedom in europe in 2013 and 2014. One of the economic struggles for belarus was its poor relationship with many european powers as well as the united states.

Travel bans and economic sanctions have been placed in the country in protest of Lukashenko's presidency. Because of that factor, many countries are unwilling to invest or trade with belarusians.

Based on its geographical location. Belarus, is the largest European country, which does not have access to the sea. Because the country is confined by land, the nearest coast of the country is approximately about 200 kilometers and is located on the territory of a neighboring country.

The geographical area of belarus is very flat. The highest mountain in belarus, is the dzyarzhynskaya mountain, with its highest point only about 346 meters above sea level. While the lowest point is in the nyoman river 90 meters above sea level.

Although belarus is a country without natural mountains, it has several mountains.

In the area near the soligorsk region, there are a large number of artificial salt mountains formed during the belarusian salt mining period. These mountains provide a unique view into the mining history of belarus.

The bialowieza forest in belarus is home to 800 european bison, the heaviest terrestrial animals in europe. This forest is included in the list of world heritage sites by UNESCO and the EU natura 2000 special area of conservation.

The country has a total of 88 world heritage sites designated by UNESCO. The belovezhskaya pushcha national park, which is a former ancient forest of Europe, is also one of the unesco world heritage.

This national park is the largest forest in belarus, whose area is three times the territory of the country of andorra.

The city of minsk is the city of eternity This city was once destroyed and on earth scorched on 18 occasions in the upheavals of european history, but it has always risen and rebuilt like the legend of the phoenix.

In the annals of history, on the historical record Minsk city is a green city with more than 844, 000 trees.

The city of minsk is also dubbed the city of heroes. The belarusian national library, dubbed the belarusian knowledge diamond is one of the most iconic buildings in the country. The library holds more than 9 million books and is one of the most visited landmarks of the city of Minsk.

The last DICTATORSHIP Country in Europe, This is the Country of Belarus!

Developed Countries that Decide to Separate, This is the History and Facts of the Czech Republic.

Developed Countries that Decide to Separate, This is the History and Facts of the Czech Republic.

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This is the History and Facts of the Czech Republic.

Developed Countries that Decide to Separate, This is the History and Facts of the Czech Republic.

For football fans, they must be familiar with the names of football players such as karel poborsky, thomas rosicky, pavel nedved, petr cech, and the famous for his height, jan koller. these players are from czech rep countries, but in this article we are not talking about czech rep football, but we will discuss about the country of origin of these players. More details about czech rep, here's the article.

Czech republic, or briefly we call czech country is one of the countries in the central european region. The czech state was formed after the dissolution of the czechoslovak state in 1993.

Czechia is one of the landlocked countries or what is called a landlock which means, this country does not have a maritime or sea area. The country borders the german state to the west and north, with poland to the north, slovakia to the southeast and with the austrian state to the south. Geographically the Czech Republic has a hilly landscape with a temperate climate in most of its territory.

Traditionally, the country is divided into 3 main lands or regions namely, bohemia in the western part, Moravia in the eastern part and Czech silesia in the southeastern part. Phytogeographically or botanical geography, the czech republic belongs to the central European provinces of the circumboreal region, within the boreal kingdom.

The czech state stands on an area of 78,866 square kilometers. If we compare with the area in Indonesia, the area of this country is still larger than the area of north Sumatra province with an area of about 72,000 square kilometers, but it is still smaller than the area of riau province with an area of 87,023 square kilometers. Prague is the largest city as well as the capital of the czech country, Prague is the political, cultural and economic center of central Europe complete with a rich history.

The city was founded in roman times and flourished in the gothic, renaissance, and baroque eras. The city of prague is the capital of the kingdom of bohemia and the main residence of several holy roman emperors.

Its rich history makes prague a popular tourist destination, the city receiving more than 8.5 million international visitors annually. In 2017 prague was listed as the fifth most visited european city after london, paris, rome and istanbul.

The total population in the country in 2020 is estimated to reach 10,693,939 inhabitants, with about 64% of the population coming from the Czech ethnic group. The czech republic has 75% to 79% of people who do not declare any religion or creed in polls and percentages of atheists, czech people have historically been characterized as tolerant and even indifferent to religion.

The form of government of the czech state is a parliamentary republic headed by the president as head of state and the prime minister as head of government. The czech republic is one of the developed countries with a developed and high-income social market economy. The country is export-oriented and a service-based social market economy, manufacturing and innovation, which maintains the country's well-being and european social model.

In the industrial sector, czechia is one of the countries in europe a producer of means of transport and electoral equipment, Škoda transportation is a manufacturer of trams, which is one of the fourth largest modes of land transportation in the world, and almost a third of all trams in the world come from factories in czechia. The country is also ranked in the top 10 countries in the world with the fastest internet speed.

In the field of tourism the country is known as one of the historical tourist destinations, the Czech republic is famous for its various museums. the country boasts 14 UNESCO world heritage sites and all fall into the cultural category.

Czech history. In the early period, the territory of central Europe, and including the territory that is currently the czech state was controlled by the boii people and the slavs. During some period these people established such kingdoms as the samo empire and the great moravian kingdom.

At the end of the 9th century, part of the czech territories were controlled by the duchy of bohemia, bohemia was an imperial state of the holy roman empire. In the 16th century, bohemia came under control and became part of the hasburg dynasty. At the beginning of the 19th century the hasburg dynasty was officially unified as an austrian empire and then became an austro-hungarian empire. Austro-hungary was a multinational country and one of the main powers of europe at that time, geographically the territory of the austro-hungarian empire was the second largest in europe after the russian empire.

The empire then collapsed after its defeat in World War I. In 1918, after the collapse of the empire, the independence of the czechoslovak state was officially proclaimed in prague on October 28, 1918. This newly emerging country combined the territories of bohemia, moravia, czech silesia, ruthenia carpathy and upper hungary which is currently a slovak state.

Czechoslovakia became a liberal democratic republic, the new state was characterized by problems with its ethnic diversity, a separate history between czech and slovak peoples and their very different religious, cultural and social traditions. In the 1930s, the rise of nazi germany, made the czech region occupied by the germans. In 1939, the Germans turned the region into a bohemian and moravian protectorate The protectorate was proclaimed as part of the third reich, and the president and prime minister were under the reichprotector or protector of nazi germany.

In its occupation the Germans launched an ost generalplan plan calling for the annihilation of expulsion, germanization or enslavement of most or all czechs for the purpose of providing more living space for the german people.

Resistance to the german occupation of the protectorate of bohemia and moravia during world war II began after the occupation of the rest of Czechoslovakia and the establishment of a protectorate on 15 March 1939. In the early days of the war, the czech population participated in boycotts of public transport and large-scale demonstrations. in addition armed communist partisan groups also participated in sabotage and clashes with german police forces.

The most famous act of resistance was the assassination of reinhard heydrich. Resistance culminated in the so-called 1945 Prague uprising, in which czech fighting forces had the support of soviet and allied forces. After the surrender of nazi germany, about 2.9 million ethnic germans were expelled from czechoslovakia, with the consent of the allies, their property and rights were declared invalid through the decree of beneš.

Czechoslovakia soon fell under Soviet influence. In the 1946 elections, the czechoslovak communist party obtained 38% of the vote and became the largest party in the czechoslovak parliament, forming coalitions with other parties and consolidating power. In February 1948, the Communists took power in the 1948 czechoslovak coup d'état, czechoslovakia was declared a people's republic, an early step towards socialism and eventually, communism.

Bureaucratic centralism under the direction of the communist party leadership was introduced. Elements of dissidentism were cleared from all walks of life, including the roman catholic church. The ideological principles of marxism-leninism and socialist realism permeate the cultural and intellectual life of this country. Over the next 41 years, the communist state of czechoslovakia was described by certain economic and political features of the eastern bloc.

The anti-communist revolution began on November 16, 1989 in bratislava, with demonstrations by slovak students for democracy, and continued with similar demonstrations by czech students in prague on November 17, 1989 communist police violently dispersed peaceful pro-democracy demonstrations, they brutally beat many participants from among the students.

The event sparked a series of demonstrations from November 17 to late December and turned into anti-communist demonstrations. This event in general came to be known as the velvet revolution.

On November 28 the communist party of Czechoslovakia announced that it would relinquish power and end the one-party state. The first free elections in czechoslovakia since 1946 took place in June 1990. The election went without incident and with more than 95% of the population voting. As anticipated, the civil society forum and the society against violence won a landslide victory in their respective republics and gained a majority vote in the federal parliament.

Parliament took substantial steps to secure a successful move towards fair local elections in November 1990, ensuring fundamental change at the district and municipal levels. In 1991, the existence of some fundamental differences between the czech and slovak people made this country decide to separate.

A number of reasons have been given for the dissolution of czechoslovakia, with the main debate focusing on whether dissolution was inevitable or whether dissolution occurred in conjunction with or even contrary to the events that occurred between the velvet revolutions of 1989.

On November 25, 1992, the czechoslovak federal parliament decided to divide the country into czech republics and slovakia from January 1, 1993. And on January 1, 1993, the following two countries are the facts of the Rer state. Czech. The official name of the czech republic and the czech short name were decided on its formation after the dissolution of czechoslovakia in the so-called velvet divorce of 1993.

In English the country is called by a czech name, the english name of the country has historically been bohemia. The name comes from the celtic tribe that inhabited the area from the 4th century BC. Boiohaemum, as it was originally known in Latin, comes from the German boi-haima, which means house boii.

The name survived all the later migrations that affected the area, including the arrival of slavic peoples and the formation of a czech state. In the 9th century, the country was officially known as the duchy of bohemia, transformed into the kingdom of bohemia in the 11th century and the crown of bohemia in the 14th century.

The design of the first flag of czechoslovakia was based on the flag of bohemia which was white over red. The flag is almost identical to the flag of poland, then a blue triangle was added on the side in 1920 to distinguish the country's flag. The flag was banned by the nazis in 1939 when they formed a government that nominally controlled bohemia and moravia, the 1920 flag was restored in 1945.

After czechoslovakia was dissolved in 1993, the czech republic retained the czechoslovak flag while Slovakia adopted its own flag. There is no specific meaning about the use of color on the flag of the republic, but traditionally the color used on the flag indicates the ancestral identity of their nation.

The czech koruna is the official currency used by the czech republic. This currency has been officially used by Czechs since 1993. Czech koruna is coded with CZK, the value of this currency if exchanged into our currency is about 650 rupiah.

Czech is the official language of the czech country. Czech, also historically referred to as bohemian, is the western slavic language of the czech-slovak group. Czech is closely related to Slovak as well as Polish, to the point of mutual clarity is very high.

Like other slavic languages, Czech is a fusional language with a rich morphological system and a relatively flexible word order. His vocabulary has been heavily influenced by latin and german. By scientists, Czech is classified as one of the hardest languages in the world. Since 2000, the czech republic has been divided into thirteen administrative regions or what in Czech is called kraje and 1 capital with regional status. Each county has its own elected county council and a county governor.

The low crime rate and the absence of international conflicts, make the czech republic one of the safest countries in the world. In 2019, the country ranked 11th in the world peace index. As is known the czech republic along with slovakia was one country i.e. czechoslovakia until 1992. The dissolution of this country into two regions of the country or what is often also known as divorce velvet, became one of the most peaceful divisions of the country in the world in the 20th century.

The Czech republic ranked the 27th most environmentally conscious country in the world in the Environmental performance Index in 2016. The country has four national parks namely sumava national park, krkonoše national park, ceske svycarsko national park, podyjí national park and 25 protected land areas as well as six biosphere reserves.

Education in the czech republic includes a 9-year compulsory education program, namely elementary school, high school, and junior high school. There is also preschool education that is generally not state-financed until the year before elementary school After preschool, parents are not charged tuition fees, but they must provide, stationery, and food for their children. In addition, after completing education up to the secondary level citizens have access to university education that is free of tuition fees.

The czech republic has a developed economy and a high standard of living. The country is the most stable and prosperous among other post-communist countries, with the lowest unemployment rate in the european union. The czech republic holds the record as the country that has the most castles in europe. There are more than 2000 castles and castles in which there are in the Czech republic, Some of the most famous are the hluboká castle, the orlík castle, the lednice castle and the karlštejn castle.

Prague Castle is the largest ancient castle in the world, which occupies an area of nearly 70,000 square meters with a length of up to 570 meters and a width of 128 meters and has more than 700 rooms. For reference, the castle is larger than the seven football fields combined.

Prague castle is one of the most visited tourist attractions in prague attracting more than 1.8 million visitors annually Prague is the only major city in europe that was not extensively bombed in world war II. For this reason, tourists visiting prague will find many buildings in the historic center that stand tall like the original, some of these buildings even date back to medieval times. Prague astronomical clock, or prague orloj, is a medieval astronomical clock located in the city of prague.

It was first installed in 1410, making it the third oldest astronomical clock in the world and the oldest clock still in operation today. The city of Prague also got the nickname as the city of a hundred towers, because in this city there are so many towers that there are even more than 500 towers.

The city of Prague also has the oldest university building in central Europe. It is charles university or historically the university of prague, a university founded since 1348, being the oldest university in central europe. The university is also the largest university in the czech republic. Jan janský, a Czech neurologist, was the first to classify human blood into four blood types, his discovery paving the way for the blood donation of the modern era.

Maybe some of you are users of contact lens products, usually girls to just support their appearance. Soft contact lenses or what we know as soft lenses, were first discovered in Czechia in 1959, by a Czech chemist, otto wichterle. The Czech republic is famous for its beer consumption, this country is one of the heaviest beer consuming countries in the world.

Czechs consume the most beer per capita in the world with consumption reaching 160 liters per person per year. Beer has been brewed here since 993 AD and the university in czech has some of the leading breweries. That's a video about the history and facts of the czech republic, one of the developed countries in central Europe, which has a lot of its uniqueness.

Developed Countries that Decide to Separate, This is the History and Facts of the Czech Republic.

Here are 20 facts about the country of armenia

Here are 20 facts about the country of armenia

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Here are 20 facts about the country of armenia

Here are 20 facts about the country of armenia. To this day the armenians refer to themselves as hayk, their country is hayastan and their language is hayeren. The common name of armenia appears which is attested to the ancient Persian behistun inscription of 515 BC as armina.

Some researchers attribute the name armenian to the early bronze age state of armani or armanum or arme state in the late bronze age. The design of the national flag of Armenia consists of 3 horizontal stripes with 3 colors namely red, blue and orange colors.

The flag design was officially adopted on August 24, 1990. On June 15, 2006, the law on the national flag of armenia, which regulates its use was passed by the national assembly of armenia.

The official definition of the color of the armenian flag stated in the constitution of the republic of armenia is as follows the color Red symbolizes the armenian plateau , the continuous struggle of the armenian people for survival, defending the christian faith , the independence and freedom of armenia.

The blue color symbolizes the desire of the armenian people to live under a peaceful sky. While the orange color symbolizes the creative talent and hardworking nature of the armenian people.

The official currency of the country is the Armenian dram, and it is encoded with AMD. 1 dram armenian if converted to indonesian currency has a value of 30.59 rupiah. Mount ararat is the main national symbol of armenia. Although the territory of mount ararat is on the territory of the turkish state, the mountain is considered a holy place by many armenians because it has historical ties to their nation.

In addition to the mountain ararat another symbol of the country of Armenia is apricot fruit. Apricot is the national fruit of armenia, apricot seeds have been found at armenian archaeological sites, and some of the early botanical names for apricots are prunus armeniaca and mala armeniaca.

In addition, the orange color on the Armenian flag is referred to as the color of apricot fruits. Yerevan is one of the oldest cities in the world, the city located in the northeastern part of the ararat valley was founded in 782 BC by king argishti I.

The city is even 29 years older than the city of rome. Yerevan is also known as the pink city, because some of the buildings in the city are pink in color produced from rocks used as building materials.

The Armenian alphabet is one of the oldest alphabets in the world, it was created in 405 AD by a scholar and monk mesrop mashtots. The Armenian alphabet consists of 36 letters, with 7 vowels and 29 consonant letters.

In 2005, authorities erected 39 stone statues depicting its letters near the final resting place of the person who made it, namely Mesrop mashtots. Visitors can visit the giant letters that stand tall in the city of Aparan. Armenia was the first country in the world to make christianity a state religion.

The country was converted to Christianity in 301 AD by St. gregory illuminator. In the years 301-303 AD, a church or holy see of echmiatsin was built, which was one of the first Christian buildings in the whole world. From then on and until now the Armenian Church has been separate from the catholic and orthodox churches.

In 1915, the ottoman government orchestrated the systematic extermination of 1.5 million Armenians, this action known as the armenian genocide. Turkey, the successor country of the ottoman Empire, denies it is genocide , but the governments of 28 countries - including britain, russia and france - recognize the event as an act of genocide.

Whereas From Turkey's own point of view, the act was not a Genocide by stating that the number of casualties fell smaller and they died from civil war not because of ethnic cleansing.

For many years, most Western countries themselves have avoided this issue out of respect for Turkey which became secular after the rule of Kemal Ataturk.

The events of 1915 forced millions of Armenians to flee abroad, they then built strong communities in the united states, russia, and france.

It is estimated that there are about 5.6 million people of Armenian descent living abroad, which is greater than the armenian population. Armenia is one of the mono-ethnic countries in the world, about 98.1% of the country's population is of Armenian ethnicity, while the rest are from other ethnicities.

Armenians are famous for being very good at playing chess, the country has the most professional chess players per capita compared to other countries.

Since 2011, chess has been incorporated into the educational curriculum in Armenia. Lavash is the name of a typical Armenian bread, one of the staple foods of the people-armenian that is quite famous in the world in 2014 was included by unesco in the world heritage list.

The unesco heritage list also lists 5 sites in armenia. Among them are the archaeological sites of ancient zvartnots , sanahin and haghpat monasteries, the echmiatsin monastic complex with the churches of St. hripsime, St. gayane and St. shoghakat, and the cave monastery in geghard.

Zorats karer is the name of an ancient observatory in armenia. The site is also called armenian stonehenge, its age is even 3500 years older than stonehenge in england and 3000 years older than the pyramids in Egypt.

Armenia also has the world's oldest wine cellar, an international archaeological team from the university of Los Angeles, through excavations discovered the world's oldest winery with an age of 6000 years.

the site was discovered in 2011 in a cave near the villages of Getap and Areni. This wine cellar is considered an example of the earliest wine production in the world.

In addition to the wine cellar, the scientist also invented the oldest shoe on earth that has an age of about 5500 years. The shoes are made entirely of cowhide. And it is found in Vayots Dzor near the village of Areni in a place, which is called a bird cave. The country has the longest nonstop cable car or tram in the world.

According to guinness world records, the longest cable car or nonstop tram is called the tatever or wing tatev and is located in the syuniq region, near the famous tatev monastery. The length of this train reaches 5, 752 meters.

Lake sevan is one of the freshwater lakes located in the highlands of Armenia, this lake covers one-sixth of the territory of Armenia and is one of the largest freshwater lakes in eurasia and in the world.

Every year at the end of March to August, there are more than 650 pairs of white herons descending on the villages that exist in armenia. These birds migrating to mainland Africa make their nests close to people's homes, and many of their very large nests are on electricity poles. It is known that armenia is home to about 359 bird species.

That is the history and facts about the state of armenia, a country in the tanskaucasian region whose social, political and economic circumstances are affected by the unkind relations with the country about it.

Know More About the State of Armenia, Here are the Facts!

Bosnia Herzegovina Islamic Majority Country in Southeastern Europe

Bosnia Herzegovina Islamic Majority Country in Southeastern Europe

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Bosnia Herzegovina Islamic Majority Country in Southeastern Europe

Bosnia Herzegovina Islamic Majority Country in Southeastern Europe

The country of Bosnia and herzegovina or also often called the country of bosnia, is one of the parliamentary republican states on the balkan peninsula of the european continent, this country has an area of about 51,129 square kilometers, if you compare the area of this country with the area in Indonesia the area of the country of Bosnia is only slightly larger than the area of the province of jambi on the island of Sumatra.

Bosnia borders the territory of other countries in the balkans such as the country of serbia in the east, croatia to the north and southwest, and montenegro to the southeast.

Bosnia has its capital in sarajevo, this city which has a fairly long history is the largest city in bosnia sarajevo is also the financial, political, social and cultural center city in the country.

The economy in the Bosnian country is an open small economy, which is dominated by the service sector, and is also helped by the industrial and manufacturing sectors.

As of 2021 The territory of bosnia-herzegovina is inhabited by 3,511,372 inhabitants. The country consists of 3 main ethnicities or the majority namely ethnic Croatia, Serb and Bosnian.

Constitutionally, the country does not specify an official language for its country, but de facto it uses 3 languages used to communicate by its people, namely Bosnian, Serbian, and Croatian and a small number use English.

As one of the countries that has been under ottoman rule for a long time, the muslim population in bosnia reaches about 51% and 46% are adherents of Christianity.

Bosnia and herzegovina have a bicameral legislature and a three-member presidency consisting of one member from each of the three major ethnic groups. However, the power of the central government is very limited, since the country is largely decentralized.

The country consists of two autonomous entities, namely the federation of bosnia and herzegovina and republika srpska, and plus a third unit, namely the brcko district, which is governed by its own local government.

This form of government of the country takes place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy in which executive power is exercised by the council of ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina. While legislative power is held by the council of ministers and the parliamentary assemblies of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Bosnia and herzegovina are developing countries and rank 73rd in the human development index. The country's economy is dominated by industry and agriculture, followed by the tourism and service sectors.

Tourism has increased significantly in recent years According to projections of the World Tourism Organization, Bosnia and Herzegovina had the third highest tourism growth rate in the world between 1995 and 2020.

History of bosnia and herzegovina Bosnia and herzegovina was a border region between 2 western and eastern cultures, in medieval times the region became the scene of infighting and struggle for influence between western romans (catholics) and eastern romans (orthodox).

In the 12th century, the banate of bosnia was founded and later evolved into a bosnian kingdom. Although the hungarian kings at that time viewed that the bosnian territories were under their sovereignty, the bosnian rulers mostly acted independently in conducting diplomacy, regulating systems and policies on their territories, and establishing cooperative relations with other countries.

The ottoman conquest of bosnia in about 1386 until in 1463 bosnia officially fell and was under ottoman power, this conquest marked a new era in bosnian history and introduced drastic changes to the political and cultural landscape of this country Ottoman incorporated bosnia as an integral province of the ottoman empire with its historical name and territorial integrity.

The Ottomans also introduced a number of important changes in the socio-political administration of the region, including a new system of land ownership, reorganization of administrative units, and a complex system of social differentiation based on class and religious affiliation.

In the middle of the 19th century, serbian nationalists who emerged after the separation of serbs from the ottomans, began to make contacts and send nasionbalist propaganda claiming bosnia as a province of serbia, along with that, croatian nationalists made similar claims about bosnia as a province of croatia.

The emergence of these competing movements marked the beginning of nationalist politics in Bosnia that continued to grow in the rest of the 19th and 20th centuries.

The agrarian unrest eventually sparked a herzegovinian uprising, a rebellion led by ethnic Serbs against the ottomans in herzegovina in 1875, the conflict then spread rapidly and involved several balkan states. This situation later led to the convening of a berlin congress.

In 1878, a congress attended by representatives of the 6 great powers of Europe namely russia, england, france, austro-hungary, italy, germany and ottoman empire and also 4 balkan countries ( greece, serbia, romania, montenegro) aimed at determining the territory of the countries on the balkan peninsula after the russian-turkish war.

At the congress the austro-hungarian foreign minister was given the task of administering the administration in bosnia In 1908, the austro-hungarian provoked the bosnian crisis by unilaterally announcing the annexation of bosnia herzegovina under the common control of austria and hungary.

The crisis permanently damaged relations between austro-hungarians and the italian, serbian, and russian states. And also became one of the causes of the occurrence of world war I. After world war I, bosnia joined the southern slavic kingdom or the kingdom of yugoslavia.

After the kingdom of yugoslavia was defeated by the nazis in world war II, the territory of bosnia was then ceded to the independent state of croatia, this rule from croatia led to widespread persecution and genocide.

The region's jewish population is on the verge of extinction, and hundreds of thousands of serbs are reportedly killed at the hands of croatian militias. At the same time many of the serbs joined the chetniks , a serbian nationalist movement with the aim of establishing a large ethnically homogeneous serbian state.

The group was also responsible for the persecution and killing of non-serbs, communist sympathizers, with the region's Muslim population being the main target. On October 12, 1941, a total of 108 people from the sarajevo muslim group signed a sarajevo muslim resolution, in which they condemned the persecution of serbs organized by the utase (croatian militia forces), as well as making a distinction between the Muslims who participated in the persecution and the wider muslim population.

Presenting information about the persecution of Muslims by serbs and asking for security for all citizens, excluding their identities. In the same year of 1941, the yugoslav communists under the leadership of josep broz tito organized their own multi-ethnic resistance groups and yugoslav partisans fought against axis, utase, and cetnik groups.

November 29, 1943, the anti-fascist council for the national liberation of yugoslavia with tito as its head held a conference in the city of jajce, where the bosnia herzegovina region was rebuilt as a republic within the yugoslav federation.

At the end of the world war, the establishment of the socialist federal republic of Yugoslavia, with the 1946 constitution of Yugoslavia officially made bosnia herzegovina one of the six constituent republics in the new country. The country remains RELAXED even without the Central Government, Here's Belgium!

What would it be like if a country went without a government? Perhaps we can learn from the country of Belgium, this country holds the record as the country without the longest central government in the world which was about 589 days between 2010 and 2011.

And this condition without a belgian government has happened again in 2019. interestingly people's lives in belgium are proceeding as usual. No riots There were no mass demonstrations of supporters or other conflicts. Government offices and citizen services also remained functioning.

The Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state located in the region of western Europe. Belgium is the 5th smallest country in the country and is one of the smallest countries in the world, the territory of this country covers an area of 30,689 square kilometers, and If we try to compare it with the area of the area in Indonesia, the area of this country is the size of the area of asmat regency in the province of Papua, which has an area of about 31,983 km².

Belgium is located in the northwestern part of the european continent. The country borders several other European countries in the region, such as with the Netherlands in the north, with Germany in the east, luxemburg in the southeast, and with france in the south and southwest.

Belgium is a federal empire, with 3 autonomous regions namely the flanders or flanders region which is also called the flemish region, because this area is occupied by a dutch-speaking flemish community. The 2nd region is the french-speaking wallonia region.

And the 3rd region is the capital region of Brussels which is located in the central part of the country and is part of the french community of Belgium and the flemish community. Belgium has a city in the city of Brussels , the city of Brussels is also the largest city in the country of Belgium.

The city has become a major center of international politics and is home to many international organizations According to population data Belgium is the 6th most populous country in europe, with a population of 11,492,641 inhabitants, the country's population density is 376 inhabitants per square kilometer.

According to the data, as of January 1, 2021, about 67.3% of the Belgian population is of Belgian ethnicity, while about 32.7% are immigrants or foreign nationalities.

Officially belgium recognizes 3 religions, namely Christianity, islam and judaism(Jews). Nevertheless the country's constitution provides freedom of religion for its inhabitants and the government in general respects this right in practice.

Traditionally, roman catholicism is the majority religion in belgium especially in the flemish region, from a 2019 Survey it states, that about 60% of the belgian population is adherents of Christianity, with the majority being roman catholics.

While about 31% of the population declared no religion or atheist, and about 7% were adherents of the islamic religion, with the remaining 2% being adherents of other religions. Belgium has 3 official languages, namely Dutch, French and German.

It is estimated that 59% of the belgian population are native speakers of dutch or what is often referred to as flemish, and 40% of the country's population speaks French, while the belgian population who speak German is only 1% of the total population.

Belgium is a country with a constitutional monarchical parliamentary federal system. Under the provisions of the belgian constitution, national executive power is held by the king and the prime minister and his council of ministers, while legislative power is divided by the king, a bicameral parliament consisting of a representative chamber and a senate, as well as community and regional councils.

In practice, the role of the monarch as head of state is limited to representative and official functions, for which royal acts must be signed by ministers, who in turn are responsible for them to parliament.

And the current king of belgium is King philippe, he officially succeeded his father after his father abdicated the throne for health reasons on 21 july 2013. Meanwhile, the post of prime minister in Belgium is currently held by alexander de croo who has been in office since october 2020.

Belgium is a developed country, with a high-income economy. The country's economy is very oriented towards the service and service sector, besides that the belgian economy is also closely related to europe. as belgium is one of the founding countries of the european union and a member of a number of other international economic organizations, such as the belgian-luxembourg economic union and the benelux economic union.

And Historically, belgium was one of the first European countries to experience an industrial revolution at the beginning of the 19th century, which developed until the middle of the 20th century and made it one of the three most developed countries in the world between 1830 and 1910.

Belgian history The history of belgium refers to the history before the founding of a modern country with that name in 1830. The history of the country is closely related to the history of its neighboring countries, namely the Netherlands, Germany, France, and Luxembourg.

A little backwards, the earliest documented history for this region was the conquest of the gaulish region or western Europe carried out by the roman empire around the 1st century BC.

After the conquest, the area was later divided into several regions as part of the roman province.

After the collapse of the roman empire, in the 5th century AD this territory came under the rule of the franks, who founded the merovingian kingdom. In the 8th century AD, the carolingian dynasty succeeded merovingia as the ruler of the frank nation.

During those middle ages, the region was divided into several small feudal states such as the duchy of brabant, the county of Flanders, the principality of liege, and luxembourg. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the flemish district became one of the richest areas in europe as the fabric industry and trade flourished in the region.

But this prosperity played a role in the conflict that occurred between the flemish and the king of france. In the 15th century, the burgundian dukes in france managed to take over flanders, and from there they began to unite most of the territories referred to as low states or beneluxes, and later by the Burgundian dynasty these territories were referred to as burgundian netherlands.

The states later gained autonomy under the habsburg dynasty in the 16th century and were subsequently named as 17 provinces or belgica regia.

After the Burgundian regime, these territories had ties to the Austrian habsburg dynasty and later with the Spanish. The 16th century, precisely in 1568, was triggered by the policies of the Spanish government that tried to abolish protestantism.

Caused a split between the 17 provinces, where the northern part of the belgica regia consisting of 7 provinces formed a provincial union or what is often referred to as the Dutch republic.

While the southern part consisting of 10 provinces forms the southern Netherlands which is also called the Catholic Netherlands. This southern Netherlands consists of most of the territory of modern Belgium and Luxembourg, and some parts of the territory of the Netherlands and Germany.

The Spanish government's policy also triggered an 80-year war or war of independence that occurred until 1648. Which eventually separated the dutch republic and the southern netherlands.

The 17th century period was a period of some constantly protracted conflicts during the 17th to 18th centuries that also involved the French in it.

These included the franco-dutch war of 1672, the nine-year war from 1688 to 1697, the war of the Spanish succession of 1701, and part of the war of the austrian succession in 1740.

Then in 1794, after the end of the french revolutionary war, the territory of the lower states was annexed by the first french republic it marked the end of austrian rule as the heir to the habsburgs in the region.

After napoleon's defeat in the waterloo war of 1815. Britain along with austria, prussia and russia as the winning party to the war, in the congress vienna, agreed to reunite the former territories of 17 provinces or low states, thus creating a union of the kingdom of the netherlands The purpose of the unification of this territory is, the kingdom of the netherlands will serve as a buffer state or buffer state against the invasion of france in the future.

Ideological differences between the catholic-majority southern provinces, and the protestant-majority northern provinces, eventually led to divisions within the kingdom.

The peak occurred in August 1830, when riots began to spread in cities in the southern provinces of the kingdom. This event became known as the belgian revolution, because after the conflict, it led to the separation of the southern provinces from the netherlands and the formation of the belgian state.

Since the appointment of leopold I as king on 21 July 1831, belgium has become a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy.

Bosnia Herzegovina Islamic Majority Country in Southeastern Europe

The country remains RELAXED even without the Central Government, Here's Belgium!

The country remains RELAXED even without the Central Government, Here's Belgium!

Ceremasia       Comment   

The country remains RELAXED even without the Central Government, Here's Belgium!

The country remains RELAXED even without the Central Government, Here's Belgium!

What would it be like if a country went without a government? Perhaps we can learn from the country of Belgium, this country holds the record as the country without the longest central government in the world which was about 589 days between 2010 and 2011.

And this condition without a belgian government has happened again in 2019. interestingly people's lives in belgium are proceeding as usual. No riots There were no mass demonstrations of supporters or other conflicts. Government offices and citizen services also remained functioning.

The Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state located in the region of western Europe. Belgium is the 5th smallest country in the country and is one of the smallest countries in the world, the territory of this country covers an area of 30,689 square kilometers, and If we try to compare it with the area of the area in Indonesia, the area of this country is the size of the area of asmat regency in the province of Papua, which has an area of about 31,983 km².

Belgium is located in the northwestern part of the european continent. The country borders several other European countries in the region, such as with the Netherlands in the north, with Germany in the east, luxemburg in the southeast, and with france in the south and southwest.

Belgium is a federal empire, with 3 autonomous regions namely the flanders or flanders region which is also called the flemish region, because this area is occupied by a dutch-speaking flemish community. The 2nd region is the french-speaking wallonia region.

And the 3rd region is the capital region of Brussels which is located in the central part of the country and is part of the french community of Belgium and the flemish community. Belgium has a city in the city of Brussels , the city of Brussels is also the largest city in the country of Belgium.

The city has become a major center of international politics and is home to many international organizations According to population data Belgium is the 6th most populous country in europe, with a population of 11,492,641 inhabitants, the country's population density is 376 inhabitants per square kilometer.

According to the data, as of January 1, 2021, about 67.3% of the Belgian population is of Belgian ethnicity, while about 32.7% are immigrants or foreign nationalities.

Officially belgium recognizes 3 religions, namely Christianity, islam and judaism(Jews). Nevertheless the country's constitution provides freedom of religion for its inhabitants and the government in general respects this right in practice.

Traditionally, roman catholicism is the majority religion in belgium especially in the flemish region, from a 2019 Survey it states, that about 60% of the belgian population is adherents of Christianity, with the majority being roman catholics.

While about 31% of the population declared no religion or atheist, and about 7% were adherents of the islamic religion, with the remaining 2% being adherents of other religions. Belgium has 3 official languages, namely Dutch, French and German.

It is estimated that 59% of the belgian population are native speakers of dutch or what is often referred to as flemish, and 40% of the country's population speaks French, while the belgian population who speak German is only 1% of the total population.

Belgium is a country with a constitutional monarchical parliamentary federal system. Under the provisions of the belgian constitution, national executive power is held by the king and the prime minister and his council of ministers, while legislative power is divided by the king, a bicameral parliament consisting of a representative chamber and a senate, as well as community and regional councils.

In practice, the role of the monarch as head of state is limited to representative and official functions, for which royal acts must be signed by ministers, who in turn are responsible for them to parliament.

And the current king of belgium is King philippe, he officially succeeded his father after his father abdicated the throne for health reasons on 21 july 2013. Meanwhile, the post of prime minister in Belgium is currently held by alexander de croo who has been in office since october 2020.

Belgium is a developed country, with a high-income economy. The country's economy is very oriented towards the service and service sector, besides that the belgian economy is also closely related to europe. as belgium is one of the founding countries of the european union and a member of a number of other international economic organizations, such as the belgian-luxembourg economic union and the benelux economic union.

And Historically, belgium was one of the first European countries to experience an industrial revolution at the beginning of the 19th century, which developed until the middle of the 20th century and made it one of the three most developed countries in the world between 1830 and 1910.

Belgian history The history of belgium refers to the history before the founding of a modern country with that name in 1830. The history of the country is closely related to the history of its neighboring countries, namely the Netherlands, Germany, France, and Luxembourg.

A little backwards, the earliest documented history for this region was the conquest of the gaulish region or western Europe carried out by the roman empire around the 1st century BC.

After the conquest, the area was later divided into several regions as part of the roman province.

After the collapse of the roman empire, in the 5th century AD this territory came under the rule of the franks, who founded the merovingian kingdom. In the 8th century AD, the carolingian dynasty succeeded merovingia as the ruler of the frank nation.

During those middle ages, the region was divided into several small feudal states such as the duchy of brabant, the county of Flanders, the principality of liege, and luxembourg. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the flemish district became one of the richest areas in europe as the fabric industry and trade flourished in the region.

But this prosperity played a role in the conflict that occurred between the flemish and the king of france. In the 15th century, the burgundian dukes in france managed to take over flanders, and from there they began to unite most of the territories referred to as low states or beneluxes, and later by the Burgundian dynasty these territories were referred to as burgundian netherlands.

The states later gained autonomy under the habsburg dynasty in the 16th century and were subsequently named as 17 provinces or belgica regia.

After the Burgundian regime, these territories had ties to the Austrian habsburg dynasty and later with the Spanish. The 16th century, precisely in 1568, was triggered by the policies of the Spanish government that tried to abolish protestantism.

Caused a split between the 17 provinces, where the northern part of the belgica regia consisting of 7 provinces formed a provincial union or what is often referred to as the Dutch republic.

While the southern part consisting of 10 provinces forms the southern Netherlands which is also called the Catholic Netherlands. This southern Netherlands consists of most of the territory of modern Belgium and Luxembourg, and some parts of the territory of the Netherlands and Germany.

The Spanish government's policy also triggered an 80-year war or war of independence that occurred until 1648. Which eventually separated the dutch republic and the southern netherlands.

The 17th century period was a period of some constantly protracted conflicts during the 17th to 18th centuries that also involved the French in it.

These included the franco-dutch war of 1672, the nine-year war from 1688 to 1697, the war of the Spanish succession of 1701, and part of the war of the austrian succession in 1740. Then in 1794, after the end of the french revolutionary war, the territory of the lower states was annexed by the first french republic it marked the end of austrian rule as the heir to the habsburgs in the region.

After napoleon's defeat in the waterloo war of 1815. Britain along with austria, prussia and russia as the winning party to the war, in the congress vienna, agreed to reunite the former territories of 17 provinces or low states, thus creating a union of the kingdom of the netherlands The purpose of the unification of this territory is, the kingdom of the netherlands will serve as a buffer state or buffer state against the invasion of france in the future.

Ideological differences between the catholic-majority southern provinces, and the protestant-majority northern provinces, eventually led to divisions within the kingdom.

The peak occurred in August 1830, when riots began to spread in cities in the southern provinces of the kingdom. This event became known as the belgian revolution, because after the conflict, it led to the separation of the southern provinces from the netherlands and the formation of the belgian state.

Since the appointment of leopold I as king on 21 July 1831, belgium has become a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy.

The country remains RELAXED even without the Central Government, Here's Belgium!

The last DICTATORSHIP Country in Europe, This is the Country of Belarus!

The last DICTATORSHIP Country in Europe, This is the Country of Belarus!

Ceremasia       Comment   

The last DICTATORSHIP Country in Europe, This is the Country of Belarus!

The last DICTATORSHIP Country in Europe, This is the Country of Belarus!

Countries on the continent are often said to be democratic countries. Countries that uphold freedom and human rights. On the occasion of this article, we will discuss about the country that was dubbed the last dictatorship country in Europe.

The country of belarus or also known as belarus, is the name of one of the countries on the european continent. The official name of the country is the republic of belarus.

The republic of belarus is one of the countries in the eastern european region. Belarus is one of the landlocked countries in the region.

The country borders the russian state in the eastern and northeastern parts, with ukraine in the south, poland in the west, and with lithuania and latvia in the northwest. Based on its area, Belarus is the 13th largest country on the continent.

The area of this country covers an area of 207,600 square kilometers, which if forced to be compared with the area in Indonesia, the area of this country is almost half of the area of the island of Sumatra, with an overall area of 443,065 square kilometers.

Geographically, belarus is an inland country, the country stretches in two ecoregions, namely sarmatic mixed forest and central european mixed forest Administratively, the country is divided into 6 provincial areas or what is called oblast. Namely, the provinces of brest gomel, grodno, mogilev, minsk, and vitebsk.

Provinces in belarus are named after the cities that are the center of its administration. The city of minks is the largest city in belarus, which is also the capital of the country. As the capital, the city of minks has a special administrative status as one of the direct national subordinates because it is not included in the oblast or province.

Perhaps if it is equated with the Indonesian region, the minks city area is included as a special area or special region. Belarus is a republican country with a presidential system of government, the country is ruled by a president and a national assembly. The president of belarus has a five-year term.

Under belarus' 1994 constitution, the president can only serve for two terms, but a change in the constitution in 2004 removed the term limit. Alexander lukashenko is the current president of belarus, he has been president of belarus since 1994.

Lukashenko described himself as having an "authoritarian style of governing". because of this style of government, by some media, politicians and writers, belarus is often described as the last dictatorship of Europe.

The population census in 2019, showed the total population of belarus reached 9,413,466 inhabitants. By population numbers, belarus is the 20th most populous country on the continent.

Christianity is the majority religion in the country, overall, about 48.3% of the population is orthodox Christian, 41.1% are nonreligious, 7.1% are Catholic and 3.3% adhere to other religions.

Belarus has two languages that are spoken as the official language of its country, namely Belarusian and Russian. In 2019, the economy of belarus was the economy with the 72nd largest GDP in the world by purchasing power parity or PPP. As part of the former soviet union, belarus has a relatively well developed industrial base. The country managed to maintain its industrial base after the breakup of the USSR, as well as a vast agricultural base and a higher level of education.

Belarus is a developing country with a very high ranking in the human development index. History of belarus The history of belarus or rather the ethnicity of belarus begins with the migration and expansion of slavic peoples through eastern Europe between the 6th and 8th centuries AD. These eastern slavic peoples later settled in the territory of belarus of russia and the territory of present-day ukraine.

The existence of these slavic people assimilated the local baltics who had already lived there first. The ethnicity of modern belarus may have been formed on the basis of three slavic tribes, namely kryvians, drehovians, radzimians as well as some baltic tribes.

In the 9th century, the territory of modern belarus or belarus became part of kievan rus, that is, the vast eastern slavic state ruled by the rurikid dynasty. But after the death of the ruler of kievan rus, the country split into several independent kingdoms.

Between the 9th and 12th centuries, the polotsk kingdom in northern belarus emerged as the dominant center of power in the belarus region while the turau kingdom in the south had a smaller power.

From the 13th to the 15th centuries, the kingdoms were annexed by the grand duchy of Lithuania or the grand duchy of lithuania. In 1386, the grand duchy of Lithuania and the polish kingdom joined in a personal union through the marriage of their rulers.

This union stirred up developments that ultimately resulted in the formation of the polish-lithuanian commonwealth, which was formed in 1569 by the lublin union. As part of lithuania, belarus was incorporated into the commonwealth.

The union between poland and lithuania ended in 1795 with the division of polish territory by the russian empire, prussia, and austria.

In this period, then began a new period in the history of belarus with all its lands annexed by the russian empire. In 1796, under russian rule, belarus was incorporated into the belarusian governorate, the territory of belarus was divided into guberniyas of minsk, vitebsk, mogilyov, and hrodno. The people's republic of belarus was the first attempt to create an independent belarusian state under the name "Belarus".

Despite significant efforts, the state did not survive, especially since the region continued to be dominated by soldiers from the german empire and the imperial army of russia in world war I, In 1919, part of belarus under russian rule emerged as a byelorussian soviet socialist republic or byelorussian SSR.

Soon after this republic merged to form the lithuanian-byelorussian SSR. In 1922, the byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the socialist republic of the USSR. In 1939, nazi germany and the soviet union invaded and occupied poland, marking the start of world war II.

The Soviets invaded and annexed much of eastern Poland, which had been part of the country since the riga peace treaty two decades earlier. Most of the northern part of this area was added to the byelorussian SSR, and is now western Belarusian. Germany and its allies invaded the soviet union in 1941.

During world war II, the Germans attempted to establish their puppet government in belarus. The german occupation in 1941 to 1944 and the war on the eastern front had devastated belarus More than 1.6 million civilians and 620,000 soldiers of the red army of belarus were killed, and the country lost about 25% of its population.

After the end of the world war, belarus was among the 51 founding member states of the charter of the United Nations and therefore the state of belarus was allowed to conduct additional voting at the UN, in addition to the soviet union vote.

Belarus declared itself sovereign on July 27, 1990 by issuing a declaration of sovereignty of the socialist republic of the soviet belarus On August 25, 1991 With the support of the communist party, the belarusians declared full independence from the soviet union by granting a constitutional status that they had not previously had on the declaration of state sovereignty. The name of the country was later changed to the republic of belarus.

In December of the same year, the three supreme soviet leaders of belarus, russia and ukraine met, to formally announce the dissolution of the soviet union and the establishment of a commonwealth of independent states. The country was only fully recognized as a sovereign state on December 26, 1991.

That is a summary of the history of the country of belarus,

The following are facts about the country of Belarus that you should know

Know More About the State of Armenia, Here are the Facts!

Know More About the State of Armenia, Here are the Facts!

Ceremasia       Comment   

Know More About the State of Armenia, Here are the Facts!

Know More About the State of Armenia, Here are the Facts!

The country of armenia, the name of the country that we often hear through the news lately, due to the heating up of relations with its neighboring azerbaijan. The conflict between the two countries has actually been going on for a long time, but recently the conflict has come to the fore again.

In this article, we will not discuss specifically the conflicts that occur between these countries. This article only describes about the history and facts of the armenian state, more fully about it, here is the article.

The official name of the country is the republic of armenia. Armenia is a landlocked country in the mountains of the south caucasus on the territory of eurasia. with about 86% of its territory being mountainous.

Making armenia ranked 10th as the highest country in the world. The capital of armenia is in yerevan which is also the largest city of the country, this city which has been the capital of armenia since 1918 also plays the role of the administrative, cultural and industrial center of the country.

Armenia has a population of 2,956,900, with 98.1% of them being of armenian ethnicity. The official languages spoken in the country are Armenian, and the main foreign languages known to Armenians are Russian and English.

Armenia was the first country in the world to adopt Christianity as the official state religion, and the event took place in 301 AD.

The form of government of this country is a parliamentary republic, based on the current constitution of Armenia, the president is the head of state who holds most of the functions of representatives, while the prime minister is the head of government and exercises executive power.

In relation to the international world, armenia is one of the member states of the UN and several other organizations such as, the council of europe, the asian development bank, the european bank for reconstruction and development, the commonwealth of independent countries, and so on.

Armenia has poor relations with its neighbors, namely Azerbaijan and Turkey. Tensions between armenia and azerbaijan have been going on for decades and eventually peaked again for several years before the breakup of the soviet union.

The nagorno-karabakh war dominated the region's politics throughout the 1990s, and to this day, armenia's borders with turkey and azerbaijan are under a fairly severe blockade. In addition, a permanent solution to the nagorno karabakh conflict has not been reached, despite mediation provided by organizations such as the OSCE or organizations for security and cooperation in europe.

In terms of economy, armenia is categorized as a developing country and ranks 81st in the human development index. The country's economy is mainly based on industrial output and mineral extraction. Armenia's mining industry produces copper, zinc, gold and tin. 

Armenia has experienced strong economic growth since 1995, continuing the turnaround that began the previous year, and inflation has been ignored over the past few years. New sectors, such as precious stone processing and jewelry manufacturing, information and communication technology, and even tourism are beginning to complement more traditional sectors of the economy, such as agriculture.

History of Armenia. Armenia is located in the highlands surrounding the Ararat mountains . There is evidence of early civilization in Armenia in the Bronze age and earlier, dating back to about 4000 BC.

Archaeological surveys in 2010 and 2011 at the areni-1 cave complex have resulted in the world's earliest known discovery of leather shoes and wine-producing facilities. Armenia reached its peak between 95 and 66 BC under the great tigranes , armenia being the strongest kingdom of its time to the east of the roman republic.

In the following centuries, armenians were under the influence of the Persian Empire during the reign of tiridates I , that is, the founder of the arsacid dynasty of armenians , which was a branch of the parthian kingdom.

Religion in ancient Armenia was historically linked to a set of beliefs that existed in Persia, and led to the emergence of Zoroastrianism . This belief focuses on the worship of mithra and also includes gods such as aramazd, vahagn, anahit, and astghik.

The country uses the armenian solar calendar , which consists of 12 months. Christianity spread to this country as early as 40 AD. Tiridates III of armenia, who was the leader of the kingdom made christianity the state religion in 301 AD.

In the 16th century, the ottoman or turkish empire and the safavid or iranian dynasties divided the armenians. From the beginning of the 16th century, western Armenians and eastern armenians fell into the hands of the safavid empire.

Since 1604, abbot I of Iran implemented a policy of " scorched earth " in the region to protect its northwestern border from the attacks of ottoman troops , the policy involved the forced removal of armenians out of their homeland.

In 1639, the ottoman-safavid war was brought to an end through the signing of the treaty of zuhab. The treaty divided 2 territories of armenia, namely western armenia which was controlled by ottomans and eastern armenia controlled by safavids. In 1828, after the russian-persian war, the qajar dynasty in iran was forced to cede eastern armenia to the russian empire through the turkmenistan treaty.

While Western Armenia was still under ottoman rule, the armenians were given considerable autonomy within their own territory and lived relatively harmoniously with other groups in the empire including the ruling Turks. The outbreak of world war I led to a confrontation between the ottoman empire and the russian empire.

The new government in istanbul began to look at the armenians with disbelief and suspicion, since the imperial russian army consisted of a contingent of armenian volunteers . On April 24, 1915, armenian intellectuals were arrested by the ottoman authorities and sentenced to Tehcir law or forcible removal.

Encouraged by military escorts, the deported people were not fed and drank and subjected to periodic robberies, rapes, and massacres, eventually most of the Armenians living in anatolia were killed in what became known as the Armenian genocide.

After the bolshevik revolution that took place in 1917. the Dashnaktsutyun government in eastern Armenia declared its independence on 28 may 1918 as the first republic of armenia under the leadership of aram manukian.

On August 10, 1920, one of the results of the sèvres agreement promised to maintain the existence of the armenian republic and attached the former territory of the ottoman armenia to the republic. At the end of 1920, the country was conquered by the soviet red army.

Armenia was annexed by the red army and along with georgia and azerbaijan were incorporated into the union of soviet socialist republics as part of the SFSR transcaucation on March 4, 1922.

In the 1980s, the glasnot and perestroika reforms promoted by mikhail gorbachev as the then soviet leader, led armenians to begin to demand better environmental care for their country and oppose the pollution brought by soviet-made factories.

Meanwhile tensions also developed between the soviet azerbaijan and the autonomous district of nagorno karabakh. The armenians in karabakh demanded for unification with the soviet armenians.

On September 21, 1991, armenia officially declared the independence of his country, Levon Ter-Petrosyan was popularly elected as the first president of the newly independent armenian republic on October 16, 1991.

He became famous by leading the karabakh movement for the unification of the armenian-populated nagorno-karabakh. The karabakh war ended after a ceasefire brokered by the Russians and imposed in 1994.

Since then, armenia and azerbaijan have held peace talks mediated by organizations for security and cooperation across europe.

The economies of both countries were harmed due to the absence of a complete resolution and the armenian border with turkey and azerbaijan remained closed. That is the history about the country of armenia, and to get to know more about this country.

Here are 20 facts about the country of armenia.

The Country is Led by 2 Foreigners? This is the Small Country of Andorra

The Country is Led by 2 Foreigners? This is the Small Country of Andorra

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The Country is Led by 2 Foreigners? This is the Small Country of Andorra

The Country is Led by 2 Foreigners? This is the Small Country of Andorra

What if a country is led by two heads of state with the same status and position? It may sound a little strange, but this is what happened to the country of Andorra. Interestingly, these two heads of state are also from two different countries. More details about the country of andorra, this is what it means.

Principality of andorra or principality of andora, is the official name of the state of andorra. Andorra is one of the sovereign microstates, or what is known as microstate. The country is also known as the principality of the andorra valley, located on the iberian peninsula, in the eastern pyrethian mountains,

Andorra borders the french state in the northern part as well as with the country of spain in the southern part. Andorra is a small country and one of the landlocked countries on the european continent.

With an area covering an area of 468 square kilometers, the country is the 6th smallest country in europe and the 16th smallest in the world. if the area of this country we compare with the area in Indonesia, then the area of andorra is slightly larger than the area of the sangihe islands regency, which is in the province of north sulawesi with an area of 461 square kilometers.

Due to its location in the eastern pyrethian mountains, the andorra region is largely dominated by rugged and rugged mountains. The average height of the plains in the country is 1,996 meters above sea level, with its highest point being at an altitude of 2,942 meters above sea level located at the top of the coma pedrosa mountain.

The capital of Andorra is in the City of Andorra la vella , the city is also the largest city and becomes the commercial center of the country. Located at an altitude of 1,023 meters above sea level, the city of andorra la vella is the highest capital city on the continent.

In 2020, it is estimated that the total population of andorra country is around 77,543 people, and more than half of andorra residents are foreign nationals, most of them are from other European countries such as france, spain and portugal. While the andorra people themselves have a smaller proportion of the number, which is about 48% of the total population of the population.

The andorra people are an ethnic group of romans who are descended from the catalan or Catalan people, where the majority of the population of andorra speaks catalan, which is the historical language and the only official language in the country of andorra. In addition to catalan, Spanish, Portuguese and French are also commonly spoken in this country.

Although Andorra has no official religion in the country, the majority of the population of Andorra is Christian, of which about 88% are Catholics. The constitution in this country recognizes a privileged relationship with the roman catholic church, and gives some privileges to catholics. Other christian denominations are the anglican church, the unification church, the new apostolic church, and the witnesses of jehovah.

Andorra is a parliamentary state with a diarchical style, that is, it is headed by two heads of state, with the french president and the bishop of catalonia (spain ) as joint princes, while its head of government is held by a prime minister elected through elections. These two princes jointly ruled with limited power, that is, without veto power to government actions.

Thus their role is almost entirely merely ceremonial. While the Economic Sector, Andorra is a country that grows from the tourism sector, tourism is the main income of the andorra economy, this sector contributes about 80% of the country's GDP.

It is estimated that around 10.2 million tourists visit andorra annually. tourism of this country, famous mainly for its duty-free or levy-free status and by its stunning summer and winter vacation facilities.

History of Andorra In neolithic times, a group of people moved to the madriu valley. a glacial valley to the southeast of andorra, the region was then used as a permanent encampment around 6,640 BC.

The inhabitants of the valleys are traditionally associated with the iberian people who historically existed in andorra as an andosin or andosini tribe, then in the 7th to 2nd centuries BC.

The presence of the roman empire in this region influenced the people of those tribes, which was recorded from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD. After the fall of the roman empire, the territory of andorra then came under the influence of visigothic kingdoms.

Later The visigoths occupied the valleys for 200 years, and it was also during this period that christianity spread in the region we now know as Andorra. When the muslim empire al-andalus succeeded over its conquest of most of the territory of the iberian peninsula and replaced the rule of the visigothic kingdom.

Andorra was a territory protected by the frankish kingdom from the muslim colonization of al-andalus. At that time the territory of andorra was claimed to be a buffer state made by the king charles the great or charlemagne, with the aim of keeping the muslim moors from advancing into french territory.

Andorra became part of the territory ruled by the prince of urgell and eventually the bishop of the diocese of urgell. Tradition states that the king charles the great or charlemagne gave a charter to the people of andorra in exchange for their battle with the moors.

Moorish itself is a mention used by christians in Europe to refer to the muslim population of the maghreb region, the iberian peninsula, Sicily and malta during the medieval period.

In the 11th century, fearing military action by the rulers of neighboring territories, the bishop of urgell put himself under the protection of the lord of caboet, a Catalan nobleman. And in 1095, the lord of caboet and the bishop of urgell signed a declaration of their common sovereignty over the territory of andorra.

Lalau In the 13th century, the prince of the house or count of foix became the heir on the part of the lord of caboet, after a marriage between the two noble families in 1208. In the 13th century a military dispute came to the fore between the bishop and the count of foix as a result of the albigensian crusade. This conflict was resolved in 1278 by mediation by the king of the aragonese. The conflict was resolved by the signing of the first pareage or treaty stating that the sovereignty of andorra would be divided between the princes of the count of foix and the bishop of the urgell, in catalunya.

It was this treaty that gave the andorra of the territory and its political form. The later Territory of the andorra border has not changed since 1278.

With the passage of time, the title-along with andorra passed to the kings of navarra. After henri III of navarra became king of france he also announced in 1607 that the head of state of france and the bishop were urging to be joint princes of andorra.

Andorra was then ruled jointly by representatives of the bishops, in catalonia and the french head of state, who each received an annual payment of respect.

This feudal system of government remained intact until 1993. Before then the country's political system was officially transformed into a parliamentary democracy in May 1993 through a referendum on the andorra constitution.

The new constitution still retains the title of joint prince of france and is urgent even with limited and narrowly defined powers. Civil rights were greatly expanded, including the ratification of political parties and the provision of an independent judiciary.

That's a little summary of the history about the princely state of andorra, and to get to know more about this country,

here are 20 facts about the state of andorra There are several theories about the origin of the name andorra.

Here are 21 Facts About Yemen State

Here are 21 Facts About Yemen State

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Here are 21 Facts About Yemen State

Here are 21 Facts About Yemen State, Yemen historically covering a much larger territory than modern yemeni territory today, stretching from the 'asir north in southwestern saudi arabia to dhofar in southern oman.

According to the theory, the name yemen comes from the Arabic word yemen meaning the right side, because the territory of yemen is to the right of the kaaba in mecca. Another theory says the name yemen is taken from the name of the youngest son of the prophet jacob .as, i.e. binyamin or benjamin. In Hebrew binyamin means son of the south. In the book of genesis, the name binyamin is often interpreted as the son of the right hand.

In the past, by the romans the yemeni region was also called by the name arabia felix which means happy Arab. It is so called because the territory of yemen is more fertile than most of the territory of the arabian peninsula. The mountains of this region invite rains that contribute to the flourishing agriculture of the country. Therefore, the region supports a stable population for centuries.

The design of the national flag of the republic of yemen was officially adopted on May 22, 1990, the same day that northern yemen and southern yemen were united. The design of the flag consists of red, white and black colored stripes. The colors used symbolize the colors of pan arabism, as used on the flags of egypt, syria, iraq and sudan. According to its official description, the red color means the unity and bloodshed of the martyrs, the white color symbolizes a bright future, and the black color for the dark past.

Unlike other countries in the region of the peninsula or other arabian peninsulas, yemen is the only country in the region that takes the form of a republic. Iraq, although a republic, is not included in the Arabian peninsula. The yemeni rial is the official currency issued by the republic of yemen, this currency was used in the 1990s, after the two countries of yemen united.

Internationally the Yemeni rial is encoded with YER, if we convert it to the currency of our country, 1 yemeni rial has an exchange rate of 57.46 rupiah. Although today yemen is the poorest country in the arabian peninsula and one of the poorest in the middle east, it was once a very rich country, which controlled the ancient trade routes. In ancient times, yemen was a rich country that traded frankincense, myrrh resin or incense, and spices.

The region is famous for being the most crowded trade route of frankincense and incense in the world in ancient times. Frankincense in ancient times, had a price 12 times more expensive than gold and was used throughout ancient ceremonies and rituals, such as burial, marriage, and birth, besides frankincense was used at home to refresh the air and aroma therapy.

It is told in the past, the queen of sheba or queen of bilqis visited the king of solomon with gifts of frankincense and incense. Incense itself was first discovered in 1500 BC and shipped by ship from the port of qana to arabia and to the rest of the world. Although coffee beans were first discovered in the territory of Ethiopia, it was the Yemenis who first discovered the stimulating properties of coffee as a drink.

Yemen is the place where coffee was first cultivated commercially, and became the only coffee bean producing region. Around the 15th century, coffee began to gain popularity throughout the world. As a result, the yemeni region and the red sea became the arena of conflict between egyptians, ottomans, and various european powers who wanted to control the burgeoning arabica coffee market. If you like to drink coffee, you must be familiar with arabica coffee.

Actually it is a type of coffee that comes from the highlands of Ethiopia. The name arbika itself was taken, because this type of coffee was first developed in the arabian region to be precise, Yemen. Just like the name mochacino, one of the variants of this café latte was first popularized in the city of mocha or mukha, yemen, and later took its name from the name of the city. As mentioned at the beginning of the video, that the majority of the yemeni population is a believer in islam, with a percentage reaching 99%.

According to a poll conducted by gallup international, yemen has the most religious population among other arab countries and is one of the most religious populations worldwide. The country of yemen is also known by several designations, such as the land of the waliyullahs, the land of the great scholars and the village of the dzuriyyah of the apostle which means the descendants of the messenger of Allah.

This is because the children and grandchildren and descendants of the Prophet live in this country the most. The history of the spread of islam in indonesia itself is also inseparable from the interference of the people of Yemen. According to historical records, between the 9th and 11th centuries AD, the hadhrami people set foot on the archipelago to trade and spread Islam. The hadhrami nation is a term for yemeni people who come from the hadhramaut region, in the southern part of yemen.

Although for some regions of the country it is severely affected by conflicts and civil wars, yet for some other regions in the eastern provinces such as hadhramaut and al-mahrah it is currently quite safe to visit. Sana'a is the capital of yemen. it is one of the most ancient cities in the world that is still inhabited today. According to local beliefs the town of sana'a was founded at the base of jabal nuqum by shem, one of the sons of the prophet noah .as.

With all sorts of relics, the old town of sana'a is included in the UNESCO world heritage site. The city of Sana'a is located at an average altitude of 3,500 meters above sea level which makes it one of the highest capital cities in the world. Jabal an-nabi shu'ayb has an altitude of 3,667 meters above sea level, it is the highest mountain in yemen and also the highest mountain in the arabian peninsula.

The city of shibam located in hadhramaut province, is one of the oldest cities in the country of yemen, the first known inscriptions about this city date back to the 3rd century AD. Shibam is known as the first city in the world to have a vertical building masterplan. The city is also famous for its high-rise buildings made of mud brick, this place is referred to as the chicago of the desert or the manhattan of the desert.

The city was listed on the UNESCO world heritage list in 1982, and in 2015 it listed the city as a cultural heritage at risk from damage suffered during the civil war. Another one of the oldest cities in yemen that is also a UNESCO world heritage site is the city of zabid located in the west of yemen. Zabid was the capital of yemen from the 13th to the 15th centuries.

Zabid's domestic and military architecture make it an outstanding archaeological and historical site. the city played an important role in the arab and muslim world for centuries because of its islamic university. The great mosque of zabid or also known as masjid al asha'ir is one of the most prominent buildings in the city of zabid. The great mosque of zabid itself was built in the year 8 hijri or 629 AD by abu musa ashaari, who was one of the companions of the prophet muhammad SAW.

Local traditions narrate that the mosque is the fifth oldest mosque in islamic history, which makes it one of the oldest mosques in the world. Another world heritage site of the country of yemen is the island of socotra. Socotra is located several hundred kilometers off the coast of yemen and somalia, placing it in a unique position in the middle of the indian ocean and the arabian sea.

The island is home to many strange plants and animals that are uniquely adapted to the hot, rough and windy state of the island. Due to the uniqueness of a large number of species endemic to this island, socotra has been described as one of the most alien-looking places on earth.

Socotra is also famous because it is called the island where the dajjal is locked up. In Islam, it is rumored that this false messiah is now living in a place on earth and will appear when the time comes.

The theory of socotra as a place where the dajjal is locked up is often juxtaposed with the hadith narrated by the muslim imam in kitabul fitan wa asyrathis sa'ah, book 41, chapter 22, number 7028. But this theory has not been proven to be true.

What does Yemen look like? What happened actually