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| Nicknamed the North Korea of Central Asia! This is Turkmenistan |
Nicknamed the North Korea of Central Asia! This is Turkmenistan
Ever heard of the country's name Republic of Wadiya? The wadiya republic is a fictional country in the 2012 film the dictator. The dictator is a 2012 political satirical comedy film written and starring sacha baron cohen. The film broadly tells the story of a dictatorial leader.
The film's producers said that the character of baron cohen was inspired by real-life dictators such as kim jong-il, idi amin, muammar gaddafi, mobutu sese seko , and saparmurat niyazov.
But in this article, we will not discuss the film, in this article we will discuss one of the countries that was the inspiration for the film. Turkmenistan or formerly known as turkmenia, is one of the countries in the central Asian region.
Turkmenistan is a splinter sovereign state of the soviet union, a country whose territory is largely dominated by this carazone, sharing borders with several other regions of the country such as kazakhtan in the northwest, with uzbekhistan in the eastern and northern parts, afghanistan in the southeast, and with the iranian state in the southern and southwestern parts. In addition the country also borders the caspian sea in its western part.
Turkmenistan has an area covering an area of 491,210 square kilometers, of which more than 70% is the area of the karakum desert, which of course has an effect on the country's climate in the country of Turkmenistan The dry desert climate dominates Turkmenistan, the extreme temperatures that have been recorded in one of the regions of this country once reached 51.7 degrees celsius in July 1983, which is recognized as also the highest temperature ever recorded in the entire territory of the former soviet union.
Ashgabat is the largest city and is also the capital of turkmenistan. The total population of the country is 6,031,187 inhabitants, based on its population, turkmenistan is the lowest population country in the region of central Asia.
The majority of the country's population comes from the Turkic ethnic group which reaches a percentage of 78.6%, the rest is divided into other ethnicities such as uzbekhs, russians, kazakhs, tatars, armenians, azeri and several other ethnic groups.
About 93.7% of turkmenistan's population is muslim, and 6% are christians, most christians in turkmenistan are members of eastern orthodox. Turkmenistans are also known as turkmens.
Under the constitution of 1992, the official language spoken in the country is Turkmenistan, although russian is still widely spoken in the country as the language of inter-ethnic communication.
Turkmenistan's system of government takes place within the framework of a presidential republic, with the president as head of state as well as head of government. Under the leadership of president saparmurat nizayov, the country adopted a one-party system, on December 28, 1999, president niyazov who had been in office since the country had not been independent was declared the lifelong president of turkmenistan by the mejlis or parliament of turkmenistan.
Since niyazov's death in December 2006, the turkmenistan leadership has made tentative moves to open up the country. And in September 2008, the people's council unanimously passed a resolution adopting a new constitution. In terms of the economy, the country is one of the producers of the products of the processing of petroleum and natural gas. Turkmenistan is quite dependent on the industry..
Turkmenistan has the fourth largest reserves of natural gas and oil sources in the world. The turkmenistan natural gas company, under the auspices of the ministry of oil and gas, controls gas extraction in the country.
Gas production is the most dynamic and promising sector of the national economy. In 2010, ashgabat began a policy of diversifying export channels for its raw materials.
In addition in the agricultural sector the country is one of the largest cotton producers in the world. In Turkmenistan, most of the irrigated land is planted with cotton, making the country the ninth largest cotton producer in the world.
History The written history of Turkmenistan begins with the annexation by the achaemenid empire or the first persian empire from ancient Iran Then in the 4th century BC before alexander the great conquered the region on his way to south asia.
After the death of alexander the great, this territory was then commanded by the seleucid empire, then controlled by the partia empire. During the 4th to early 7th centuries AD, most of the inhabitants of the region were in settlements around fertile river valleys along the amu darya and merv and nisa that became the center of sericulture or maintenance of silkworms.
Central Asia came under arab control after a series of invasions in the late 7th and early 8th centuries and was incorporated into the islamic caliphate divided between the provinces of mawara'un nahr and khorasan.
The arab conquest brought islam to all people in central asia. The city of merv was occupied by the Ottoman caliph ibn Affan, and served as the capital of the khorasan. In the 8th century AD, the oghuz tribes that spoke Turkish moved from mongolia to central asia.
The oghuz tribe was also known as the nomadic herdsmen tribes in the middle ages. As part of a powerful tribal confederation, the oghuz formed the ethnic base of the population of modern Turkmenistan.
In the 10th century, the name turkmenistan was first applied to the oghuz tribal group that accepted Islam and began to occupy this territory. Around the 11th century, the region was under the rule of the seljuk empire, The oghuz group serving the empire played an important role in the spread of turkish culture as they migrated west to azerbaijan and eastern turkey.
In the 12th century, the turkmenistan oghuz and other tribes overthrew the seljuk empire, and turkmenistan later became an independent tribal federation. Early in the 13th century, central Asia was invaded by mongolian warriors who swept the entire territory from their base in east asia.
The mongols took over the northern region where the turks settled, which then forced the turks to spread to the south, this contributed to the formation of new tribal groups.
All in all, the 14th to 16th centuries . was the period in which the dislocation of turkmenistan due to the mongol invasion gave way to a new political grouping that became a tribal grouping that continued into modern times.
The history of turkmenistan from the 16th century to the 19th century is largely known for its links with the countries of iran, uzbekistan, kazakhstan and afghanistan.
Where the war in the period took place mostly in the lands of Turkmenistan. Russian troops began to occupy the territory of turkmenistan at the end of the 19th century. In 1879, russian troops were defeated by the turkmens during the first attempt to conquer the akhal area of turkmenistan.
However, in 1881, the last significant resistance on the territory of turkmenistan was destroyed at the battle of geok tepe, and soon turkmenistan was annexed together with the territory of uzbekistan, into the russian empire in the 1920s the troops of turkmenistan joined the kazakhs, kyrgyzs and uzbeks in the so-called basmachi uprising against the rule of the newly formed ussr.
But the rebellion can be stopped through the campaign of the red army which has a greater number and strength. In 1924, the turkmenistan soviet socialist republic was formed into one of the republics of the USSR.
Turkmenistan is not one of the most developed soviet republics with its agrarian economy despite the exploration and exploitation of huge oil and gas resources. the discovery of the 62 trillion cubic feet dawletabad gas field in the 1960s became the world's largest gas field discovery outside of russia and the middle east. Turkmenistan became independent on October 27, 1991, in the midst of the dissolution of the soviet union.
The former chairman of the communist party of Turkmenistan at the time of independence, saparmurat niyazov, was elected president of the newly independent country in the elections. Niyazov who bore the title of turkmenbashi, or leader of all turkmenistan, was accused of developing a cult of personality or cult of totalitarian leaders.
His works, such as ruhnama books, were made compulsory reading in turkmenistan schools and the month in the calendar was renamed his family member. Opposition parties are banned in turkmenistan and the government controls all sources of information.
In December 1999, the constitution of Turkmenistan was amended to allow niyazov to serve as president for life.
During his tenure, niyazov often carried out cleaning of public officials and abolished organizations that were considered threatening. Niyazov was a major supporter of the constitutional neutralists of Turkmenistan.
Under this policy, turkmenistan does not participate in any military alliances and does not contribute to the UN monitoring forces. it means the internal isolation of turkmenistan from world politics.
That's a little summary of the history of the country of turkmenistan, and to get to know more about this country, here are 22 facts about turkmenistan.