 |
| Know More About the State of Armenia, Here are the Facts! |
Know More About the State of Armenia, Here are the Facts!
The country of armenia, the name of the country that we often hear through the news lately, due to the heating up of relations with its neighboring azerbaijan. The conflict between the two countries has actually been going on for a long time, but recently the conflict has come to the fore again.
In this article, we will not discuss specifically the conflicts that occur between these countries. This article only describes about the history and facts of the armenian state, more fully about it, here is the article.
The official name of the country is the republic of armenia. Armenia is a landlocked country in the mountains of the south caucasus on the territory of eurasia. with about 86% of its territory being mountainous.
Making armenia ranked 10th as the highest country in the world. The capital of armenia is in yerevan which is also the largest city of the country, this city which has been the capital of armenia since 1918 also plays the role of the administrative, cultural and industrial center of the country.
Armenia has a population of 2,956,900, with 98.1% of them being of armenian ethnicity. The official languages spoken in the country are Armenian, and the main foreign languages known to Armenians are Russian and English.
Armenia was the first country in the world to adopt Christianity as the official state religion, and the event took place in 301 AD.
The form of government of this country is a parliamentary republic, based on the current constitution of Armenia, the president is the head of state who holds most of the functions of representatives, while the prime minister is the head of government and exercises executive power.
In relation to the international world, armenia is one of the member states of the UN and several other organizations such as, the council of europe, the asian development bank, the european bank for reconstruction and development, the commonwealth of independent countries, and so on.
Armenia has poor relations with its neighbors, namely Azerbaijan and Turkey. Tensions between armenia and azerbaijan have been going on for decades and eventually peaked again for several years before the breakup of the soviet union.
The nagorno-karabakh war dominated the region's politics throughout the 1990s, and to this day, armenia's borders with turkey and azerbaijan are under a fairly severe blockade. In addition, a permanent solution to the nagorno karabakh conflict has not been reached, despite mediation provided by organizations such as the OSCE or organizations for security and cooperation in europe.
In terms of economy, armenia is categorized as a developing country and ranks 81st in the human development index. The country's economy is mainly based on industrial output and mineral extraction. Armenia's mining industry produces copper, zinc, gold and tin.
Armenia has experienced strong economic growth since 1995, continuing the turnaround that began the previous year, and inflation has been ignored over the past few years. New sectors, such as precious stone processing and jewelry manufacturing, information and communication technology, and even tourism are beginning to complement more traditional sectors of the economy, such as agriculture.
History of Armenia. Armenia is located in the highlands surrounding the Ararat mountains . There is evidence of early civilization in Armenia in the Bronze age and earlier, dating back to about 4000 BC.
Archaeological surveys in 2010 and 2011 at the areni-1 cave complex have resulted in the world's earliest known discovery of leather shoes and wine-producing facilities. Armenia reached its peak between 95 and 66 BC under the great tigranes , armenia being the strongest kingdom of its time to the east of the roman republic.
In the following centuries, armenians were under the influence of the Persian Empire during the reign of tiridates I , that is, the founder of the arsacid dynasty of armenians , which was a branch of the parthian kingdom.
Religion in ancient Armenia was historically linked to a set of beliefs that existed in Persia, and led to the emergence of Zoroastrianism . This belief focuses on the worship of mithra and also includes gods such as aramazd, vahagn, anahit, and astghik.
The country uses the armenian solar calendar , which consists of 12 months. Christianity spread to this country as early as 40 AD. Tiridates III of armenia, who was the leader of the kingdom made christianity the state religion in 301 AD.
In the 16th century, the ottoman or turkish empire and the safavid or iranian dynasties divided the armenians. From the beginning of the 16th century, western Armenians and eastern armenians fell into the hands of the safavid empire.
Since 1604, abbot I of Iran implemented a policy of " scorched earth " in the region to protect its northwestern border from the attacks of ottoman troops , the policy involved the forced removal of armenians out of their homeland.
In 1639, the ottoman-safavid war was brought to an end through the signing of the treaty of zuhab. The treaty divided 2 territories of armenia, namely western armenia which was controlled by ottomans and eastern armenia controlled by safavids. In 1828, after the russian-persian war, the qajar dynasty in iran was forced to cede eastern armenia to the russian empire through the turkmenistan treaty.
While Western Armenia was still under ottoman rule, the armenians were given considerable autonomy within their own territory and lived relatively harmoniously with other groups in the empire including the ruling Turks. The outbreak of world war I led to a confrontation between the ottoman empire and the russian empire.
The new government in istanbul began to look at the armenians with disbelief and suspicion, since the imperial russian army consisted of a contingent of armenian volunteers . On April 24, 1915, armenian intellectuals were arrested by the ottoman authorities and sentenced to Tehcir law or forcible removal.
Encouraged by military escorts, the deported people were not fed and drank and subjected to periodic robberies, rapes, and massacres, eventually most of the Armenians living in anatolia were killed in what became known as the Armenian genocide.
After the bolshevik revolution that took place in 1917. the Dashnaktsutyun government in eastern Armenia declared its independence on 28 may 1918 as the first republic of armenia under the leadership of aram manukian.
On August 10, 1920, one of the results of the sèvres agreement promised to maintain the existence of the armenian republic and attached the former territory of the ottoman armenia to the republic. At the end of 1920, the country was conquered by the soviet red army.
Armenia was annexed by the red army and along with georgia and azerbaijan were incorporated into the union of soviet socialist republics as part of the SFSR transcaucation on March 4, 1922.
In the 1980s, the glasnot and perestroika reforms promoted by mikhail gorbachev as the then soviet leader, led armenians to begin to demand better environmental care for their country and oppose the pollution brought by soviet-made factories.
Meanwhile tensions also developed between the soviet azerbaijan and the autonomous district of nagorno karabakh. The armenians in karabakh demanded for unification with the soviet armenians.
On September 21, 1991, armenia officially declared the independence of his country, Levon Ter-Petrosyan was popularly elected as the first president of the newly independent armenian republic on October 16, 1991.
He became famous by leading the karabakh movement for the unification of the armenian-populated nagorno-karabakh. The karabakh war ended after a ceasefire brokered by the Russians and imposed in 1994.
Since then, armenia and azerbaijan have held peace talks mediated by organizations for security and cooperation across europe.
The economies of both countries were harmed due to the absence of a complete resolution and the armenian border with turkey and azerbaijan remained closed. That is the history about the country of armenia, and to get to know more about this country.