Seychelles - Not all African Countries Are Left Behind! Here's the Proof...

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 Seychelles - Not all African Countries Are Left Behind! Here's the Proof...

Seychelles - Not all African Countries Are Left Behind! Here's the Proof...

Ever heard of the country of seychelles? Seychelles is one of the sovereign states that enters the region of africa. Country It is a small country with its small population, . the country is also located in the middle of the indian ocean about 1500 kilometers away from the mainland of Africa.

However, who would have thought that if this small country had the highest GDP among other African countries, this country also had a low level of corruption, and became one of the lowest in africa.

By the world bank, seychelles is one of only 2 african countries classified as high-income economies. Then how can this small country get it all? The Republic of Seychelles or what in Indonesian is called by the name of seiselensa is one of the island countries in the African region.

The country consists of about 115 islands located in the Indian Ocean. The seychelles region is about 1500 kilometers east of mainland Africa. The countries and territories closest to the seychelles region include the comoros of madagascar, mauritius, maldives and overseas territories of the french state namely the islands of reunion and mayotte, as well as the chagos archipelago which is an English territory in the Indian Ocean.

The total land area of this island country is about 459 square kilometers. If we try to compare the area with the area of the region in Indonesia, the area of the seychelles country is the size of the area of the city of Prabumulih which is in the province of South Sumatra, with an area of 434.46 km2.

 Seychelles - Not all African Countries Are Left Behind! Here's the Proof...

The republic of seychelles is an island nation, it is said that the number of islands in the country amounts to 115 islands, but within the constitution of the republic of seychelles the number of islands registered in its country is 155 islands. Most of the islands in the country are uninhabited and about 42% of the total area is used for conservation areas. Seychelles is one of the world's leading countries focused on land protection efforts for threatened species.

In 2020, it is estimated that the total population of the seychelles country is 98,462 people. Making it a sovereign state in africa with the least population. Because the islands in the seychelles have no natives.

The inhabitants of the seychelles or so-called seychellois today are descended from peoples who immigrated, of which the largest ethnic groups are the people of africa, france, india, and china.

Seychelles has 3 official languages in the country, namely French, English and creole languages of seychelles. Kreol seychelles is the most widely spoken mother tongue and the de facto national language of the country, of which about 91% of the country's population are native speakers of the language. Christianity is the largest religion in the seychelles with about 89.2% of the population being followers of Christianity.

While Hinduism is the 2nd largest religion with a percentage of 2.4% and followed by Islam with a percentage of adherents of 1.6% of the population. The form of government of the seychelles state is a presidential republic. The president of the seychelles, who is the head of state and head of government, is elected by vote for a five-year term.

The cabinet is headed and appointed by the president, with the approval of a legislative majority. The current president of the republic of seychelles is a wavel ramkalawan who has officially occupied his post since October 26, 2020. In economics, the seychelles is one of only two countries in africa that is classified as a high-income economy by the world bank, and the other country is mauritius.

Plantations were the main industry of the seychelles at least until the 1970s. since proclaiming independence from the UK in 1976, the country has grown from a largely agrarian society to a market-based diversified economy, characterized by services, the public sector and rapidly increasing tourism activities.

And currently seychelles has the highest nominal GDP per capita among other African countries, the country also has the second highest human development index on the african continent after mauritius.

History of seychelles. It is not known exactly the history of the islands in the seychelles during the period before the arrival of europeans in the region. These islands had no permanent inhabitants until the arrival of europeans around the 18th century.

 Seychelles - Not all African Countries Are Left Behind! Here's the Proof...

However, many historians assume that the existence of these islands was known to austronesian peoples from Borneo from about 200 to 300 AD, where later these people settled in madagascar.

In addition to the austronesian people, the arab merchants on trade voyages across the Indian Ocean, probably knew the islands, although they did not settle there. The Portuguese were the first European nation to see the islands of the seychelles. Precisely by vasco da gama on his voyage from india to east africa on 15 march 1503.

The ship that vasco da gama boarded passed through the amirante archipelago, they then mapped a group of seven islands in the region and named them the seven sisters. The earliest recorded landing was in January 1609, by the crew of the ascension ship of the trading fleet of the East India company of England who made its voyage to india.

The region later became a transit point for trade between africa and asia, it is also said that the islands were sometimes used by pirates until finally the french began to take control in 1756. France, which at that time already occupied mauritius, in 1756 sent 2 of its ships to this region and claimed them as part of the french.

They later named the region after isle de sechelles. French colonists then brought a large number of creole slaves from mauritius to the seychelles. It is said that these were the later ancestors of the current population of seychelles.

In 1790, as a result of the French revolution, the settlers of France formed a colonial assembly and decided that they would run their own colonies, according to their own constitution.

In 1794, three British warships came to the region, having no power to fight the enemy, finally through a capitulation treaty, the seychelles were handed over to the English side. This treaty also granted neutral status specifically to the settlers of the seychelles.

In this period, the British carried out a blockade of french colonies in the indian ocean and in 1810, the british finally managed to take full control of the territory of mauritius from the french which was inaugurated in 1814 at the treaty of paris.

While the seychelles became a dependent territory with mauritius. The Seychelles became a separate British colony from mauritius in 1903.

During the colonization period, the British saw the seychelles as a useful place to exile troubled political prisoners. For many years, the region became home to political prisoners from zanzibar, egypt, cyprus and palestine.

Britain finally granted independence to the seychelles in 1976. The Seychelles officially became an indepnden republic on 29 June 1976 and since then the country has officially become a member of the British commonwealth.

Here are 20 facts about the State of Poland In the local language, the original name of the poles is polska.

Here are 20 facts about the State of Poland In the local language, the original name of the poles is polska.

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Here are 20 facts about the State of Poland 

Here are 20 facts about the State of Poland 

In the local language, the original name of the poles is polska.

The name is most likely derived from the phrase polska ziemia, which means land of poland. The term comes from the name of the polanie tribe, which is a group of western slavic tribes that inhabited the river valleys in greater Poland around the 6th to 8th centuries AD.

In ancient Polish, polanie can also be interpreted as a person living in open ground.

The land originally inhabited by the polanie people was also known as staropolska, or old poland, and later as wielkopolska, or large poland. Meanwhile, in polish literature, the name of this country is sometimes also referred to as lechia as an alternative name. The name comes from the name of lech, a legendary ruler of the lechites or lechitic tribe.

The design of the polish national flag consists of two colors, namely white and red. The design of the flag was first used in 1807, and was officially adopted as the flag of the country on May 2, 1919. The design of the flag is similar to the design of the flag of our country, only the layout is reversed.

In the polish constitution, white and red colors are defined as national colors. In addition, these two colors used traditionally represented the kingdom of poland in the past. But modern versions of the two colors today have different meanings.

The white color can be interpreted as a symbol of peace and hope for all poles, and the red color symbolizes the struggle for independence.

The national anthem of poland is mazurka dąbrowski. The song is also commonly known as jeszcze polska nie zginęla which means poland has not perished, the song was written in 1797 by jozef wybicki.

The song was composed in Italy, when polish troops were fighting against napoleon. The zloty or what is widely known as the polish zloty is the official currency of the republic of poland.

Currency It is one of the most traded currencies in the region of central and eastern Europe. The term zloty itself is an adjective form of the word zloto which means gold in Polish.

Internationally this currency is encoded with PLN. If we convert to the currency of our country, 1 polish zloty has an exchange rate of 3,329 rupiah.

As mentioned at the beginning, that Polish is the official language spoken in the country. However, did you know that Polish is considered one of the most difficult languages to learn in the world, especially for foreigners. This is related to pronunciation with the technique of bending the tongue which is considered quite difficult in pronouncing the word for word and the gender system is quite complex.

In addition, unlike the latin alphabet which has only 26 letters, the polish alphabet consists of 32 letters. Stretched across several geographical areas, poland is the 9th largest country on the continent.

With its territory having access to the sea, mountains, and open terrain, topographically, poland has one of the most diverse environments in europe.

The country has almost 800 kilometers of sandy coastline, sand dunes in the pomerania region, wetlands in the biebrzanski national park, and even has the only desert in central Europe, namely the pustynia błedowska.

Along with belarusians, poland is home to the last primeval forest on the continent. the forest is the bialowieza forest, it is one of the last and largest remaining parts of the ancient forest that once spanned almost the entire plains of Europe.

By UNESCO this bialoweiza national park was designated as one of the world heritage sites in 1976. Poland is also home to european bison.

The animal is said to be the heaviest land mammal in europe, this is because european bison weigh an average of more than 600 kilograms. This extinct animal in parts of Europe and Asia can still be found wandering in the national park of bialowieza, poland.

Not only the bialowieza national park, the country is home to more than 1,300 lakes and 24 national parks. Poland also has one of the richest geothermal water resources in europe spread over a third of the country.

Known as the polish underground salt cathedral, the wieliczka salt mine or kopalnia soli wieliczka located in the krakow region is one of the oldest functional salt mines in the world.

Built in the 13th century, it is also one of the UNESCO heritage sites that exist in the country of Poland Since it was built in the 13th century, this underground salt mine has been producing salt continuously until 2007.

What's interesting about this salt mine located 135 meters underground is that those of you who visit here will be treated to views of the room, statues, chandeliers, and the entire chapel carved from rock salt.

In all, Poland has as many as 17 UNESCO world heritage sites and among them is the largest castle in the world which is malbork castle.

Measured by land area the castle of the fortification of the teutonic order built in the 13th century in the city of malbork this is the largest castle in the world. There is also a historical center or old town of Warsaw which is also one of the UNESCO world heritage sites.

You know, in its history, during World War II more than 80% of the city was destroyed. Interestingly, after the war ended the city was rebuilt by looking at detailed paintings by bernardo bellotto.

So it can be said that the old city of Warsaw that we see today is not entirely original. In the history of World War II, the highest number of mass murders committed by the nazis during the era occurred in poland.

At least about 1.1 million people from different parts of europe were massacred in the auschwitz-birkenau concentration camp, with more than 80% of them being Jews. Poland adopted its first written constitution in the spring of 1791, which was the first legal form of constitution and document in europe and the 2nd in the world.

But unfortunately, it only lasted for only 14 months and 3 weeks before finally poland was partitioned for more than 100 years by the russian empire, prussia and austria.

Poland is probably one of the countries that has fought for independence more than any other country in the world, which is about 40 times.

The country was even briefly lost to the world map after it was partitioned by the russian empire, prussia and austria. Poland only reappeared to the world map as a sovereign state after the end of world war II. Poland is one of the most educated countries in europe.

With about 90% of the population completing high school and 50% of citizens of this country having a bachelor's degree.

Research shows that students in poland perform better academically than in most member countries of the organization for economic co-operation and development or OECD Higher education in poland is free for polish citizens.

International students usually have to pay relatively low tuition fees to study in the country. The jagiellonian university founded in 1364, was the first institution of higher education established in poland, and is one of the oldest universities still in operation to this day.

Nicolaus copernicus and pope john paul II were two world-renowned figures who graduated from this university. In addition to free education, one of the advantages of citizens in Poland, is that his government provides benefits for people who have not had a job for 12 months.

if it is more than 12 months, then the polish government will dismiss the allowance. This country also has a fairly unique name rule, almost all Polish people always give their daughters names with the suffix of the letter A. This is because they believe that the letter A is a symbol of the soul of feminism or the rise of women.

Here are 20 Facts About The State of Liechtenstein.

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Here are 20 Facts About The State of Liechtenstein.

Here are 20 Facts About The State of Liechtenstein.

A Small Country Of 160 km² This Is The State Of Liechtenstein

The kingdom or principality of liechtenstein got its name from the surname liechtenstein and not vice versa. The family in turn derived its name from the castle of liechtenstein in lower Austria, which they owned from at least 1140 AD until the 13th century later from 1807 onwards.

The design of the national flag of the principality of liechtenstein consists of two main colors, namely blue and red colors.

The design of this flag was used since 1764, and was then officially incorporated into the country's constitution in 1921, and since that same year, it has officially become the flag of the principality.

The emblem of the new royal crown was incorporated into the design of the flag in 1937, after the country learned that its flag bears a resemblance to the national flag of Haiti.

The colors and symbols of the flag carry cultural, political and regional significance. Blue symbolizes the sky, while red refers to the night fires that burn inside homes across the country. While the golden crown emblem symbolizes the unity of the people and their princes.

The national anthem of liechtenstein is called oben am jungen rhein. It has the same melody and tone as the english national anthem god save the queen. Oben am jungen rhein literally has a meaning above young rhine.

Liechtenstein uses the Swiss franc as the official currency in its country. Internationally the swiss franc currency is encoded with CHF.

By value, the Swiss franc ranks 7th as the most traded currency in the world. If we convert with the currency of our country, 1 swiss franc has a value of 15, 431 rupiah.

Liechtenstein is one of the richest countries in the world by its GDP per capita. In 2018, the average gross monthly wage of people working in liechtenstein was 6,675 swiss francs, or about 102,985,249 rupiah, Liechtenstein is also known as one of the world's tax haven countries.

In the late 1970s, the country collected very low taxes on enterprises with the aim of attracting many enterprises, and making the country a rich country.

Today liechtenstein has a larger number of registered companies than its citizens, it also develops a free and highly industrialized corporate economy and offers a better financial services sector and standard of living than its urban areas in europe.

Liechtenstein is the world's largest manufacturer of dentures, whose center is barada in the city of schaan, in a company called ivoclar vivadent.

The company accounts for about 20% of the total sales of dentures in the world. The company produces 60 million sets of dentures annually, with more than 10,000 different dental models.

Liechtenstein is one of the countries that has no debt with other countries. German is the official language spoken by the state of liechtenstein.

However in contrast to standard German, most liechtensteiners speak german with an alemannic dialect, this dialect is closely related to dialects spoken in neighboring areas such as swiss and austrian.

Liechtenstein is the smallest german-speaking country in the world and the only german-speaking country that does not have a direct border with germany.

Liechtenstein is one of the 21 countries in the world that does not have permanent military personnel. The financial crisis that occurred in 1868, made this country have to abolish their military forces because it was considered too expensive. Soldiers were only allowed in times of war, but that situation never happened.

In his last military involvement in 1866 during the austro-prussian war. Liechtenstein sent as many as 80 military troops, and not a single one of its 80 soldiers was killed in the war and instead returned home with 81 soldiers with the addition of one new soldier from the Italians.

In March 2007, the swiss state accidentally invaded liechtenstein. When about 170 swiss infantry soldiers roamed the unmarked border for more than 1 mile into the territory of liechtenstein, before finally they realized their mistake. Residents of liechtenstein themselves only learned of the incident after the swiss army apologized to them.

Despite its non-military presence, liechtenstein is one of the safest countries in the world. The crime rate in the country is one of the lowest in the world. It even says the people of Liechtenstein never locked the front door of their house.

Liechtenstein doesn't even have a prison. The last reported murder occurred in 1997. If a person is charged with imprisonment for 2 years or more, then that person will be imprisoned in an austrian prison.

There is one unique rule in the country, which indicates that liechtensteins value their quiet time. The regulations were written in pamphlets addressed to new immigrants. That it is strictly forbidden to mow the lawn or hold other noisy activities during the hours of the lunch break, which last from noon at 12:00 to 13:30.

The same is true after 10 p.m. As mentioned at the beginning of the article, that liechtenstein is a small country, this country is even slightly smaller than the city of bandung. By area, liechtensteim is the 4th smallest country in europe and 6th in the world.

Quite interesting is, the country consists of 11 separate municipalities. And in the constitution of liechtenstein, every municipality has the right to secede from the state if its inhabitants choose to separate August 15th is the national day of liechtenstein, or what is called the staatsfeiertag.

On that date the grand prince hans-adam II as head of state, and his son prince allois, invited the entire population of his small kingdoms to attend a feast in the garden of the vaduz castle, that is, the residence of the noble ancestors.

The entire liechtenstein can be rented for 70,000 USD a day. In 2011, the entire country was advertised on the airbnb platform. The scheme was created by liechtenstein-based marketing firms and airbnbs.

With that kind of money, you can have a symbolic key to the state and customized road signs, and taste wine with the prince. American rapper snoop dogg once attempted to hire this country for a video shoot but was turned down because he didn't provide enough captions.

A Small Country Of 160 km² This Is The State Of Liechtenstein

The following are facts about the country of Belarus that you should know

The following are facts about the country of Belarus that you should know

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The following are facts about the country of Belarus

The following are facts about the country of Belarus that you should know

The etymology of the name belarusian is closely related to the term belaya rus, The name rus itself is often equated with the Latin form of the words russia and ruthenia, so belarusians are often referred to as white russia or white ruthenia.

The first use of the term white russia to refer to belarus occurred in the late 16th century by the englishman sir jerome horsey, known for his close contact with the royal courts of russia.

During the 17th century, tsarist Russia used the term white rus to describe the lands added from the grand duchy of Lithuania. The design of the flag consists of 2 main colors namely red and green accompanied by an ornament pattern placed on the side of the flagpole.

This national flag design was officially introduced in 2012 adapted from a design approved in a referendum in 1995. The design of the flag itself replaces the old flag design of belarus when the country was part of the soviet union Although there is no official interpretation for the color of the flag, the explanation given by president alexander lukashenko is that the red color on the flag symbolizes the freedom and sacrifice of the ancestors of the nation, while the green color symbolizes life.

Almost half or about 40% of the territory of Belarus consists of forests, this fact is also symbolized by the green stripe on the flag of the country.

The country is sometimes referred to as the lungs of europe, because of its countless forests, rivers and lakes. The belarusian national animal is the heaviest land mammal in the entire european continent, that is, the european bison. Bison are the largest land animals found only in the Americas and Europe.

Bison are horned mammals that live in groups, but unlike other groups of animals in general, bison herds usually group by gender and they will meet other groups when the mating season has arrived.

European bison mostly live in not too dense forests as well as on plains that are heavily overgrown with shrubs. The Belarusian ruble is the official currency used in the republic of belarus.

This currency is encoded with BYN. 1 Belarusian ruble if converted to the currency of our country has a value of about 5, 600 rupiah. Belarusian and Russian are considered the official languages of the country, but only about 10% of citizens use belarusian language in daily communication.

Most belarusians speak the trasianka language, which is a mixed language of Belarusian and Russian. The small number of native Belarusian speakers makes belarusian one of the endangered languages, according to UNESCO's list of vulnerable and endangered languages.

Under the rule of the soviet union, belarus was considered the silicon valley of the soviet union, since the country used to make 50% of the computers and computer parts of the soviet union.

Since the 1960s, belarusians have also been a center for software development and are responsible for having coined the term programmnoe obespechenie or software in russian. Despite its name as a republic, the country is considered a dictatorship, especially by the united states and many european countries.

Because since 1994, the country has been ruled by president alexander lukashenko. President Alexander Lukashenko is considered to have increased his presidential power so that he is considered a super president or dictator.

Lukashenko has been criticized by other European countries and the United States for political violence, human rights abuses and fraudulent elections that have been accused of causing him to be in power until now.

Although belarus is located in europe, the index of democracy of this country is very low. Freedom house calls belarus a non-free country. The index of economic freedom lists belarus as an oppressed country.

Reporters without borders listed belarus as a country of low press freedom in europe in 2013 and 2014. One of the economic struggles for belarus was its poor relationship with many european powers as well as the united states.

Travel bans and economic sanctions have been placed in the country in protest of Lukashenko's presidency. Because of that factor, many countries are unwilling to invest or trade with belarusians.

Based on its geographical location. Belarus, is the largest European country, which does not have access to the sea. Because the country is confined by land, the nearest coast of the country is approximately about 200 kilometers and is located on the territory of a neighboring country.

The geographical area of belarus is very flat. The highest mountain in belarus, is the dzyarzhynskaya mountain, with its highest point only about 346 meters above sea level. While the lowest point is in the nyoman river 90 meters above sea level.

Although belarus is a country without natural mountains, it has several mountains.

In the area near the soligorsk region, there are a large number of artificial salt mountains formed during the belarusian salt mining period. These mountains provide a unique view into the mining history of belarus.

The bialowieza forest in belarus is home to 800 european bison, the heaviest terrestrial animals in europe. This forest is included in the list of world heritage sites by UNESCO and the EU natura 2000 special area of conservation.

The country has a total of 88 world heritage sites designated by UNESCO. The belovezhskaya pushcha national park, which is a former ancient forest of Europe, is also one of the unesco world heritage.

This national park is the largest forest in belarus, whose area is three times the territory of the country of andorra.

The city of minsk is the city of eternity This city was once destroyed and on earth scorched on 18 occasions in the upheavals of european history, but it has always risen and rebuilt like the legend of the phoenix.

In the annals of history, on the historical record Minsk city is a green city with more than 844, 000 trees.

The city of minsk is also dubbed the city of heroes. The belarusian national library, dubbed the belarusian knowledge diamond is one of the most iconic buildings in the country. The library holds more than 9 million books and is one of the most visited landmarks of the city of Minsk.

The last DICTATORSHIP Country in Europe, This is the Country of Belarus!

Developed Countries that Decide to Separate, This is the History and Facts of the Czech Republic.

Developed Countries that Decide to Separate, This is the History and Facts of the Czech Republic.

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This is the History and Facts of the Czech Republic.

Developed Countries that Decide to Separate, This is the History and Facts of the Czech Republic.

For football fans, they must be familiar with the names of football players such as karel poborsky, thomas rosicky, pavel nedved, petr cech, and the famous for his height, jan koller. these players are from czech rep countries, but in this article we are not talking about czech rep football, but we will discuss about the country of origin of these players. More details about czech rep, here's the article.

Czech republic, or briefly we call czech country is one of the countries in the central european region. The czech state was formed after the dissolution of the czechoslovak state in 1993.

Czechia is one of the landlocked countries or what is called a landlock which means, this country does not have a maritime or sea area. The country borders the german state to the west and north, with poland to the north, slovakia to the southeast and with the austrian state to the south. Geographically the Czech Republic has a hilly landscape with a temperate climate in most of its territory.

Traditionally, the country is divided into 3 main lands or regions namely, bohemia in the western part, Moravia in the eastern part and Czech silesia in the southeastern part. Phytogeographically or botanical geography, the czech republic belongs to the central European provinces of the circumboreal region, within the boreal kingdom.

The czech state stands on an area of 78,866 square kilometers. If we compare with the area in Indonesia, the area of this country is still larger than the area of north Sumatra province with an area of about 72,000 square kilometers, but it is still smaller than the area of riau province with an area of 87,023 square kilometers. Prague is the largest city as well as the capital of the czech country, Prague is the political, cultural and economic center of central Europe complete with a rich history.

The city was founded in roman times and flourished in the gothic, renaissance, and baroque eras. The city of prague is the capital of the kingdom of bohemia and the main residence of several holy roman emperors.

Its rich history makes prague a popular tourist destination, the city receiving more than 8.5 million international visitors annually. In 2017 prague was listed as the fifth most visited european city after london, paris, rome and istanbul.

The total population in the country in 2020 is estimated to reach 10,693,939 inhabitants, with about 64% of the population coming from the Czech ethnic group. The czech republic has 75% to 79% of people who do not declare any religion or creed in polls and percentages of atheists, czech people have historically been characterized as tolerant and even indifferent to religion.

The form of government of the czech state is a parliamentary republic headed by the president as head of state and the prime minister as head of government. The czech republic is one of the developed countries with a developed and high-income social market economy. The country is export-oriented and a service-based social market economy, manufacturing and innovation, which maintains the country's well-being and european social model.

In the industrial sector, czechia is one of the countries in europe a producer of means of transport and electoral equipment, Škoda transportation is a manufacturer of trams, which is one of the fourth largest modes of land transportation in the world, and almost a third of all trams in the world come from factories in czechia. The country is also ranked in the top 10 countries in the world with the fastest internet speed.

In the field of tourism the country is known as one of the historical tourist destinations, the Czech republic is famous for its various museums. the country boasts 14 UNESCO world heritage sites and all fall into the cultural category.

Czech history. In the early period, the territory of central Europe, and including the territory that is currently the czech state was controlled by the boii people and the slavs. During some period these people established such kingdoms as the samo empire and the great moravian kingdom.

At the end of the 9th century, part of the czech territories were controlled by the duchy of bohemia, bohemia was an imperial state of the holy roman empire. In the 16th century, bohemia came under control and became part of the hasburg dynasty. At the beginning of the 19th century the hasburg dynasty was officially unified as an austrian empire and then became an austro-hungarian empire. Austro-hungary was a multinational country and one of the main powers of europe at that time, geographically the territory of the austro-hungarian empire was the second largest in europe after the russian empire.

The empire then collapsed after its defeat in World War I. In 1918, after the collapse of the empire, the independence of the czechoslovak state was officially proclaimed in prague on October 28, 1918. This newly emerging country combined the territories of bohemia, moravia, czech silesia, ruthenia carpathy and upper hungary which is currently a slovak state.

Czechoslovakia became a liberal democratic republic, the new state was characterized by problems with its ethnic diversity, a separate history between czech and slovak peoples and their very different religious, cultural and social traditions. In the 1930s, the rise of nazi germany, made the czech region occupied by the germans. In 1939, the Germans turned the region into a bohemian and moravian protectorate The protectorate was proclaimed as part of the third reich, and the president and prime minister were under the reichprotector or protector of nazi germany.

In its occupation the Germans launched an ost generalplan plan calling for the annihilation of expulsion, germanization or enslavement of most or all czechs for the purpose of providing more living space for the german people.

Resistance to the german occupation of the protectorate of bohemia and moravia during world war II began after the occupation of the rest of Czechoslovakia and the establishment of a protectorate on 15 March 1939. In the early days of the war, the czech population participated in boycotts of public transport and large-scale demonstrations. in addition armed communist partisan groups also participated in sabotage and clashes with german police forces.

The most famous act of resistance was the assassination of reinhard heydrich. Resistance culminated in the so-called 1945 Prague uprising, in which czech fighting forces had the support of soviet and allied forces. After the surrender of nazi germany, about 2.9 million ethnic germans were expelled from czechoslovakia, with the consent of the allies, their property and rights were declared invalid through the decree of beneš.

Czechoslovakia soon fell under Soviet influence. In the 1946 elections, the czechoslovak communist party obtained 38% of the vote and became the largest party in the czechoslovak parliament, forming coalitions with other parties and consolidating power. In February 1948, the Communists took power in the 1948 czechoslovak coup d'état, czechoslovakia was declared a people's republic, an early step towards socialism and eventually, communism.

Bureaucratic centralism under the direction of the communist party leadership was introduced. Elements of dissidentism were cleared from all walks of life, including the roman catholic church. The ideological principles of marxism-leninism and socialist realism permeate the cultural and intellectual life of this country. Over the next 41 years, the communist state of czechoslovakia was described by certain economic and political features of the eastern bloc.

The anti-communist revolution began on November 16, 1989 in bratislava, with demonstrations by slovak students for democracy, and continued with similar demonstrations by czech students in prague on November 17, 1989 communist police violently dispersed peaceful pro-democracy demonstrations, they brutally beat many participants from among the students.

The event sparked a series of demonstrations from November 17 to late December and turned into anti-communist demonstrations. This event in general came to be known as the velvet revolution.

On November 28 the communist party of Czechoslovakia announced that it would relinquish power and end the one-party state. The first free elections in czechoslovakia since 1946 took place in June 1990. The election went without incident and with more than 95% of the population voting. As anticipated, the civil society forum and the society against violence won a landslide victory in their respective republics and gained a majority vote in the federal parliament.

Parliament took substantial steps to secure a successful move towards fair local elections in November 1990, ensuring fundamental change at the district and municipal levels. In 1991, the existence of some fundamental differences between the czech and slovak people made this country decide to separate.

A number of reasons have been given for the dissolution of czechoslovakia, with the main debate focusing on whether dissolution was inevitable or whether dissolution occurred in conjunction with or even contrary to the events that occurred between the velvet revolutions of 1989.

On November 25, 1992, the czechoslovak federal parliament decided to divide the country into czech republics and slovakia from January 1, 1993. And on January 1, 1993, the following two countries are the facts of the Rer state. Czech. The official name of the czech republic and the czech short name were decided on its formation after the dissolution of czechoslovakia in the so-called velvet divorce of 1993.

In English the country is called by a czech name, the english name of the country has historically been bohemia. The name comes from the celtic tribe that inhabited the area from the 4th century BC. Boiohaemum, as it was originally known in Latin, comes from the German boi-haima, which means house boii.

The name survived all the later migrations that affected the area, including the arrival of slavic peoples and the formation of a czech state. In the 9th century, the country was officially known as the duchy of bohemia, transformed into the kingdom of bohemia in the 11th century and the crown of bohemia in the 14th century.

The design of the first flag of czechoslovakia was based on the flag of bohemia which was white over red. The flag is almost identical to the flag of poland, then a blue triangle was added on the side in 1920 to distinguish the country's flag. The flag was banned by the nazis in 1939 when they formed a government that nominally controlled bohemia and moravia, the 1920 flag was restored in 1945.

After czechoslovakia was dissolved in 1993, the czech republic retained the czechoslovak flag while Slovakia adopted its own flag. There is no specific meaning about the use of color on the flag of the republic, but traditionally the color used on the flag indicates the ancestral identity of their nation.

The czech koruna is the official currency used by the czech republic. This currency has been officially used by Czechs since 1993. Czech koruna is coded with CZK, the value of this currency if exchanged into our currency is about 650 rupiah.

Czech is the official language of the czech country. Czech, also historically referred to as bohemian, is the western slavic language of the czech-slovak group. Czech is closely related to Slovak as well as Polish, to the point of mutual clarity is very high.

Like other slavic languages, Czech is a fusional language with a rich morphological system and a relatively flexible word order. His vocabulary has been heavily influenced by latin and german. By scientists, Czech is classified as one of the hardest languages in the world. Since 2000, the czech republic has been divided into thirteen administrative regions or what in Czech is called kraje and 1 capital with regional status. Each county has its own elected county council and a county governor.

The low crime rate and the absence of international conflicts, make the czech republic one of the safest countries in the world. In 2019, the country ranked 11th in the world peace index. As is known the czech republic along with slovakia was one country i.e. czechoslovakia until 1992. The dissolution of this country into two regions of the country or what is often also known as divorce velvet, became one of the most peaceful divisions of the country in the world in the 20th century.

The Czech republic ranked the 27th most environmentally conscious country in the world in the Environmental performance Index in 2016. The country has four national parks namely sumava national park, krkonoše national park, ceske svycarsko national park, podyjí national park and 25 protected land areas as well as six biosphere reserves.

Education in the czech republic includes a 9-year compulsory education program, namely elementary school, high school, and junior high school. There is also preschool education that is generally not state-financed until the year before elementary school After preschool, parents are not charged tuition fees, but they must provide, stationery, and food for their children. In addition, after completing education up to the secondary level citizens have access to university education that is free of tuition fees.

The czech republic has a developed economy and a high standard of living. The country is the most stable and prosperous among other post-communist countries, with the lowest unemployment rate in the european union. The czech republic holds the record as the country that has the most castles in europe. There are more than 2000 castles and castles in which there are in the Czech republic, Some of the most famous are the hluboká castle, the orlík castle, the lednice castle and the karlštejn castle.

Prague Castle is the largest ancient castle in the world, which occupies an area of nearly 70,000 square meters with a length of up to 570 meters and a width of 128 meters and has more than 700 rooms. For reference, the castle is larger than the seven football fields combined.

Prague castle is one of the most visited tourist attractions in prague attracting more than 1.8 million visitors annually Prague is the only major city in europe that was not extensively bombed in world war II. For this reason, tourists visiting prague will find many buildings in the historic center that stand tall like the original, some of these buildings even date back to medieval times. Prague astronomical clock, or prague orloj, is a medieval astronomical clock located in the city of prague.

It was first installed in 1410, making it the third oldest astronomical clock in the world and the oldest clock still in operation today. The city of Prague also got the nickname as the city of a hundred towers, because in this city there are so many towers that there are even more than 500 towers.

The city of Prague also has the oldest university building in central Europe. It is charles university or historically the university of prague, a university founded since 1348, being the oldest university in central europe. The university is also the largest university in the czech republic. Jan janský, a Czech neurologist, was the first to classify human blood into four blood types, his discovery paving the way for the blood donation of the modern era.

Maybe some of you are users of contact lens products, usually girls to just support their appearance. Soft contact lenses or what we know as soft lenses, were first discovered in Czechia in 1959, by a Czech chemist, otto wichterle. The Czech republic is famous for its beer consumption, this country is one of the heaviest beer consuming countries in the world.

Czechs consume the most beer per capita in the world with consumption reaching 160 liters per person per year. Beer has been brewed here since 993 AD and the university in czech has some of the leading breweries. That's a video about the history and facts of the czech republic, one of the developed countries in central Europe, which has a lot of its uniqueness.

Developed Countries that Decide to Separate, This is the History and Facts of the Czech Republic.

Here are 20 facts about the country of armenia

Here are 20 facts about the country of armenia

Ceremasia       Comment   

Here are 20 facts about the country of armenia

Here are 20 facts about the country of armenia. To this day the armenians refer to themselves as hayk, their country is hayastan and their language is hayeren. The common name of armenia appears which is attested to the ancient Persian behistun inscription of 515 BC as armina.

Some researchers attribute the name armenian to the early bronze age state of armani or armanum or arme state in the late bronze age. The design of the national flag of Armenia consists of 3 horizontal stripes with 3 colors namely red, blue and orange colors.

The flag design was officially adopted on August 24, 1990. On June 15, 2006, the law on the national flag of armenia, which regulates its use was passed by the national assembly of armenia.

The official definition of the color of the armenian flag stated in the constitution of the republic of armenia is as follows the color Red symbolizes the armenian plateau , the continuous struggle of the armenian people for survival, defending the christian faith , the independence and freedom of armenia.

The blue color symbolizes the desire of the armenian people to live under a peaceful sky. While the orange color symbolizes the creative talent and hardworking nature of the armenian people.

The official currency of the country is the Armenian dram, and it is encoded with AMD. 1 dram armenian if converted to indonesian currency has a value of 30.59 rupiah. Mount ararat is the main national symbol of armenia. Although the territory of mount ararat is on the territory of the turkish state, the mountain is considered a holy place by many armenians because it has historical ties to their nation.

In addition to the mountain ararat another symbol of the country of Armenia is apricot fruit. Apricot is the national fruit of armenia, apricot seeds have been found at armenian archaeological sites, and some of the early botanical names for apricots are prunus armeniaca and mala armeniaca.

In addition, the orange color on the Armenian flag is referred to as the color of apricot fruits. Yerevan is one of the oldest cities in the world, the city located in the northeastern part of the ararat valley was founded in 782 BC by king argishti I.

The city is even 29 years older than the city of rome. Yerevan is also known as the pink city, because some of the buildings in the city are pink in color produced from rocks used as building materials.

The Armenian alphabet is one of the oldest alphabets in the world, it was created in 405 AD by a scholar and monk mesrop mashtots. The Armenian alphabet consists of 36 letters, with 7 vowels and 29 consonant letters.

In 2005, authorities erected 39 stone statues depicting its letters near the final resting place of the person who made it, namely Mesrop mashtots. Visitors can visit the giant letters that stand tall in the city of Aparan. Armenia was the first country in the world to make christianity a state religion.

The country was converted to Christianity in 301 AD by St. gregory illuminator. In the years 301-303 AD, a church or holy see of echmiatsin was built, which was one of the first Christian buildings in the whole world. From then on and until now the Armenian Church has been separate from the catholic and orthodox churches.

In 1915, the ottoman government orchestrated the systematic extermination of 1.5 million Armenians, this action known as the armenian genocide. Turkey, the successor country of the ottoman Empire, denies it is genocide , but the governments of 28 countries - including britain, russia and france - recognize the event as an act of genocide.

Whereas From Turkey's own point of view, the act was not a Genocide by stating that the number of casualties fell smaller and they died from civil war not because of ethnic cleansing.

For many years, most Western countries themselves have avoided this issue out of respect for Turkey which became secular after the rule of Kemal Ataturk.

The events of 1915 forced millions of Armenians to flee abroad, they then built strong communities in the united states, russia, and france.

It is estimated that there are about 5.6 million people of Armenian descent living abroad, which is greater than the armenian population. Armenia is one of the mono-ethnic countries in the world, about 98.1% of the country's population is of Armenian ethnicity, while the rest are from other ethnicities.

Armenians are famous for being very good at playing chess, the country has the most professional chess players per capita compared to other countries.

Since 2011, chess has been incorporated into the educational curriculum in Armenia. Lavash is the name of a typical Armenian bread, one of the staple foods of the people-armenian that is quite famous in the world in 2014 was included by unesco in the world heritage list.

The unesco heritage list also lists 5 sites in armenia. Among them are the archaeological sites of ancient zvartnots , sanahin and haghpat monasteries, the echmiatsin monastic complex with the churches of St. hripsime, St. gayane and St. shoghakat, and the cave monastery in geghard.

Zorats karer is the name of an ancient observatory in armenia. The site is also called armenian stonehenge, its age is even 3500 years older than stonehenge in england and 3000 years older than the pyramids in Egypt.

Armenia also has the world's oldest wine cellar, an international archaeological team from the university of Los Angeles, through excavations discovered the world's oldest winery with an age of 6000 years.

the site was discovered in 2011 in a cave near the villages of Getap and Areni. This wine cellar is considered an example of the earliest wine production in the world.

In addition to the wine cellar, the scientist also invented the oldest shoe on earth that has an age of about 5500 years. The shoes are made entirely of cowhide. And it is found in Vayots Dzor near the village of Areni in a place, which is called a bird cave. The country has the longest nonstop cable car or tram in the world.

According to guinness world records, the longest cable car or nonstop tram is called the tatever or wing tatev and is located in the syuniq region, near the famous tatev monastery. The length of this train reaches 5, 752 meters.

Lake sevan is one of the freshwater lakes located in the highlands of Armenia, this lake covers one-sixth of the territory of Armenia and is one of the largest freshwater lakes in eurasia and in the world.

Every year at the end of March to August, there are more than 650 pairs of white herons descending on the villages that exist in armenia. These birds migrating to mainland Africa make their nests close to people's homes, and many of their very large nests are on electricity poles. It is known that armenia is home to about 359 bird species.

That is the history and facts about the state of armenia, a country in the tanskaucasian region whose social, political and economic circumstances are affected by the unkind relations with the country about it.

Know More About the State of Armenia, Here are the Facts!

Bosnia Herzegovina Islamic Majority Country in Southeastern Europe

Bosnia Herzegovina Islamic Majority Country in Southeastern Europe

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Bosnia Herzegovina Islamic Majority Country in Southeastern Europe

Bosnia Herzegovina Islamic Majority Country in Southeastern Europe

The country of Bosnia and herzegovina or also often called the country of bosnia, is one of the parliamentary republican states on the balkan peninsula of the european continent, this country has an area of about 51,129 square kilometers, if you compare the area of this country with the area in Indonesia the area of the country of Bosnia is only slightly larger than the area of the province of jambi on the island of Sumatra.

Bosnia borders the territory of other countries in the balkans such as the country of serbia in the east, croatia to the north and southwest, and montenegro to the southeast.

Bosnia has its capital in sarajevo, this city which has a fairly long history is the largest city in bosnia sarajevo is also the financial, political, social and cultural center city in the country.

The economy in the Bosnian country is an open small economy, which is dominated by the service sector, and is also helped by the industrial and manufacturing sectors.

As of 2021 The territory of bosnia-herzegovina is inhabited by 3,511,372 inhabitants. The country consists of 3 main ethnicities or the majority namely ethnic Croatia, Serb and Bosnian.

Constitutionally, the country does not specify an official language for its country, but de facto it uses 3 languages used to communicate by its people, namely Bosnian, Serbian, and Croatian and a small number use English.

As one of the countries that has been under ottoman rule for a long time, the muslim population in bosnia reaches about 51% and 46% are adherents of Christianity.

Bosnia and herzegovina have a bicameral legislature and a three-member presidency consisting of one member from each of the three major ethnic groups. However, the power of the central government is very limited, since the country is largely decentralized.

The country consists of two autonomous entities, namely the federation of bosnia and herzegovina and republika srpska, and plus a third unit, namely the brcko district, which is governed by its own local government.

This form of government of the country takes place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy in which executive power is exercised by the council of ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina. While legislative power is held by the council of ministers and the parliamentary assemblies of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Bosnia and herzegovina are developing countries and rank 73rd in the human development index. The country's economy is dominated by industry and agriculture, followed by the tourism and service sectors.

Tourism has increased significantly in recent years According to projections of the World Tourism Organization, Bosnia and Herzegovina had the third highest tourism growth rate in the world between 1995 and 2020.

History of bosnia and herzegovina Bosnia and herzegovina was a border region between 2 western and eastern cultures, in medieval times the region became the scene of infighting and struggle for influence between western romans (catholics) and eastern romans (orthodox).

In the 12th century, the banate of bosnia was founded and later evolved into a bosnian kingdom. Although the hungarian kings at that time viewed that the bosnian territories were under their sovereignty, the bosnian rulers mostly acted independently in conducting diplomacy, regulating systems and policies on their territories, and establishing cooperative relations with other countries.

The ottoman conquest of bosnia in about 1386 until in 1463 bosnia officially fell and was under ottoman power, this conquest marked a new era in bosnian history and introduced drastic changes to the political and cultural landscape of this country Ottoman incorporated bosnia as an integral province of the ottoman empire with its historical name and territorial integrity.

The Ottomans also introduced a number of important changes in the socio-political administration of the region, including a new system of land ownership, reorganization of administrative units, and a complex system of social differentiation based on class and religious affiliation.

In the middle of the 19th century, serbian nationalists who emerged after the separation of serbs from the ottomans, began to make contacts and send nasionbalist propaganda claiming bosnia as a province of serbia, along with that, croatian nationalists made similar claims about bosnia as a province of croatia.

The emergence of these competing movements marked the beginning of nationalist politics in Bosnia that continued to grow in the rest of the 19th and 20th centuries.

The agrarian unrest eventually sparked a herzegovinian uprising, a rebellion led by ethnic Serbs against the ottomans in herzegovina in 1875, the conflict then spread rapidly and involved several balkan states. This situation later led to the convening of a berlin congress.

In 1878, a congress attended by representatives of the 6 great powers of Europe namely russia, england, france, austro-hungary, italy, germany and ottoman empire and also 4 balkan countries ( greece, serbia, romania, montenegro) aimed at determining the territory of the countries on the balkan peninsula after the russian-turkish war.

At the congress the austro-hungarian foreign minister was given the task of administering the administration in bosnia In 1908, the austro-hungarian provoked the bosnian crisis by unilaterally announcing the annexation of bosnia herzegovina under the common control of austria and hungary.

The crisis permanently damaged relations between austro-hungarians and the italian, serbian, and russian states. And also became one of the causes of the occurrence of world war I. After world war I, bosnia joined the southern slavic kingdom or the kingdom of yugoslavia.

After the kingdom of yugoslavia was defeated by the nazis in world war II, the territory of bosnia was then ceded to the independent state of croatia, this rule from croatia led to widespread persecution and genocide.

The region's jewish population is on the verge of extinction, and hundreds of thousands of serbs are reportedly killed at the hands of croatian militias. At the same time many of the serbs joined the chetniks , a serbian nationalist movement with the aim of establishing a large ethnically homogeneous serbian state.

The group was also responsible for the persecution and killing of non-serbs, communist sympathizers, with the region's Muslim population being the main target. On October 12, 1941, a total of 108 people from the sarajevo muslim group signed a sarajevo muslim resolution, in which they condemned the persecution of serbs organized by the utase (croatian militia forces), as well as making a distinction between the Muslims who participated in the persecution and the wider muslim population.

Presenting information about the persecution of Muslims by serbs and asking for security for all citizens, excluding their identities. In the same year of 1941, the yugoslav communists under the leadership of josep broz tito organized their own multi-ethnic resistance groups and yugoslav partisans fought against axis, utase, and cetnik groups.

November 29, 1943, the anti-fascist council for the national liberation of yugoslavia with tito as its head held a conference in the city of jajce, where the bosnia herzegovina region was rebuilt as a republic within the yugoslav federation.

At the end of the world war, the establishment of the socialist federal republic of Yugoslavia, with the 1946 constitution of Yugoslavia officially made bosnia herzegovina one of the six constituent republics in the new country. The country remains RELAXED even without the Central Government, Here's Belgium!

What would it be like if a country went without a government? Perhaps we can learn from the country of Belgium, this country holds the record as the country without the longest central government in the world which was about 589 days between 2010 and 2011.

And this condition without a belgian government has happened again in 2019. interestingly people's lives in belgium are proceeding as usual. No riots There were no mass demonstrations of supporters or other conflicts. Government offices and citizen services also remained functioning.

The Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state located in the region of western Europe. Belgium is the 5th smallest country in the country and is one of the smallest countries in the world, the territory of this country covers an area of 30,689 square kilometers, and If we try to compare it with the area of the area in Indonesia, the area of this country is the size of the area of asmat regency in the province of Papua, which has an area of about 31,983 km².

Belgium is located in the northwestern part of the european continent. The country borders several other European countries in the region, such as with the Netherlands in the north, with Germany in the east, luxemburg in the southeast, and with france in the south and southwest.

Belgium is a federal empire, with 3 autonomous regions namely the flanders or flanders region which is also called the flemish region, because this area is occupied by a dutch-speaking flemish community. The 2nd region is the french-speaking wallonia region.

And the 3rd region is the capital region of Brussels which is located in the central part of the country and is part of the french community of Belgium and the flemish community. Belgium has a city in the city of Brussels , the city of Brussels is also the largest city in the country of Belgium.

The city has become a major center of international politics and is home to many international organizations According to population data Belgium is the 6th most populous country in europe, with a population of 11,492,641 inhabitants, the country's population density is 376 inhabitants per square kilometer.

According to the data, as of January 1, 2021, about 67.3% of the Belgian population is of Belgian ethnicity, while about 32.7% are immigrants or foreign nationalities.

Officially belgium recognizes 3 religions, namely Christianity, islam and judaism(Jews). Nevertheless the country's constitution provides freedom of religion for its inhabitants and the government in general respects this right in practice.

Traditionally, roman catholicism is the majority religion in belgium especially in the flemish region, from a 2019 Survey it states, that about 60% of the belgian population is adherents of Christianity, with the majority being roman catholics.

While about 31% of the population declared no religion or atheist, and about 7% were adherents of the islamic religion, with the remaining 2% being adherents of other religions. Belgium has 3 official languages, namely Dutch, French and German.

It is estimated that 59% of the belgian population are native speakers of dutch or what is often referred to as flemish, and 40% of the country's population speaks French, while the belgian population who speak German is only 1% of the total population.

Belgium is a country with a constitutional monarchical parliamentary federal system. Under the provisions of the belgian constitution, national executive power is held by the king and the prime minister and his council of ministers, while legislative power is divided by the king, a bicameral parliament consisting of a representative chamber and a senate, as well as community and regional councils.

In practice, the role of the monarch as head of state is limited to representative and official functions, for which royal acts must be signed by ministers, who in turn are responsible for them to parliament.

And the current king of belgium is King philippe, he officially succeeded his father after his father abdicated the throne for health reasons on 21 july 2013. Meanwhile, the post of prime minister in Belgium is currently held by alexander de croo who has been in office since october 2020.

Belgium is a developed country, with a high-income economy. The country's economy is very oriented towards the service and service sector, besides that the belgian economy is also closely related to europe. as belgium is one of the founding countries of the european union and a member of a number of other international economic organizations, such as the belgian-luxembourg economic union and the benelux economic union.

And Historically, belgium was one of the first European countries to experience an industrial revolution at the beginning of the 19th century, which developed until the middle of the 20th century and made it one of the three most developed countries in the world between 1830 and 1910.

Belgian history The history of belgium refers to the history before the founding of a modern country with that name in 1830. The history of the country is closely related to the history of its neighboring countries, namely the Netherlands, Germany, France, and Luxembourg.

A little backwards, the earliest documented history for this region was the conquest of the gaulish region or western Europe carried out by the roman empire around the 1st century BC.

After the conquest, the area was later divided into several regions as part of the roman province.

After the collapse of the roman empire, in the 5th century AD this territory came under the rule of the franks, who founded the merovingian kingdom. In the 8th century AD, the carolingian dynasty succeeded merovingia as the ruler of the frank nation.

During those middle ages, the region was divided into several small feudal states such as the duchy of brabant, the county of Flanders, the principality of liege, and luxembourg. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the flemish district became one of the richest areas in europe as the fabric industry and trade flourished in the region.

But this prosperity played a role in the conflict that occurred between the flemish and the king of france. In the 15th century, the burgundian dukes in france managed to take over flanders, and from there they began to unite most of the territories referred to as low states or beneluxes, and later by the Burgundian dynasty these territories were referred to as burgundian netherlands.

The states later gained autonomy under the habsburg dynasty in the 16th century and were subsequently named as 17 provinces or belgica regia.

After the Burgundian regime, these territories had ties to the Austrian habsburg dynasty and later with the Spanish. The 16th century, precisely in 1568, was triggered by the policies of the Spanish government that tried to abolish protestantism.

Caused a split between the 17 provinces, where the northern part of the belgica regia consisting of 7 provinces formed a provincial union or what is often referred to as the Dutch republic.

While the southern part consisting of 10 provinces forms the southern Netherlands which is also called the Catholic Netherlands. This southern Netherlands consists of most of the territory of modern Belgium and Luxembourg, and some parts of the territory of the Netherlands and Germany.

The Spanish government's policy also triggered an 80-year war or war of independence that occurred until 1648. Which eventually separated the dutch republic and the southern netherlands.

The 17th century period was a period of some constantly protracted conflicts during the 17th to 18th centuries that also involved the French in it.

These included the franco-dutch war of 1672, the nine-year war from 1688 to 1697, the war of the Spanish succession of 1701, and part of the war of the austrian succession in 1740.

Then in 1794, after the end of the french revolutionary war, the territory of the lower states was annexed by the first french republic it marked the end of austrian rule as the heir to the habsburgs in the region.

After napoleon's defeat in the waterloo war of 1815. Britain along with austria, prussia and russia as the winning party to the war, in the congress vienna, agreed to reunite the former territories of 17 provinces or low states, thus creating a union of the kingdom of the netherlands The purpose of the unification of this territory is, the kingdom of the netherlands will serve as a buffer state or buffer state against the invasion of france in the future.

Ideological differences between the catholic-majority southern provinces, and the protestant-majority northern provinces, eventually led to divisions within the kingdom.

The peak occurred in August 1830, when riots began to spread in cities in the southern provinces of the kingdom. This event became known as the belgian revolution, because after the conflict, it led to the separation of the southern provinces from the netherlands and the formation of the belgian state.

Since the appointment of leopold I as king on 21 July 1831, belgium has become a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy.

Bosnia Herzegovina Islamic Majority Country in Southeastern Europe

The country remains RELAXED even without the Central Government, Here's Belgium!

The country remains RELAXED even without the Central Government, Here's Belgium!

Ceremasia       Comment   

The country remains RELAXED even without the Central Government, Here's Belgium!

The country remains RELAXED even without the Central Government, Here's Belgium!

What would it be like if a country went without a government? Perhaps we can learn from the country of Belgium, this country holds the record as the country without the longest central government in the world which was about 589 days between 2010 and 2011.

And this condition without a belgian government has happened again in 2019. interestingly people's lives in belgium are proceeding as usual. No riots There were no mass demonstrations of supporters or other conflicts. Government offices and citizen services also remained functioning.

The Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state located in the region of western Europe. Belgium is the 5th smallest country in the country and is one of the smallest countries in the world, the territory of this country covers an area of 30,689 square kilometers, and If we try to compare it with the area of the area in Indonesia, the area of this country is the size of the area of asmat regency in the province of Papua, which has an area of about 31,983 km².

Belgium is located in the northwestern part of the european continent. The country borders several other European countries in the region, such as with the Netherlands in the north, with Germany in the east, luxemburg in the southeast, and with france in the south and southwest.

Belgium is a federal empire, with 3 autonomous regions namely the flanders or flanders region which is also called the flemish region, because this area is occupied by a dutch-speaking flemish community. The 2nd region is the french-speaking wallonia region.

And the 3rd region is the capital region of Brussels which is located in the central part of the country and is part of the french community of Belgium and the flemish community. Belgium has a city in the city of Brussels , the city of Brussels is also the largest city in the country of Belgium.

The city has become a major center of international politics and is home to many international organizations According to population data Belgium is the 6th most populous country in europe, with a population of 11,492,641 inhabitants, the country's population density is 376 inhabitants per square kilometer.

According to the data, as of January 1, 2021, about 67.3% of the Belgian population is of Belgian ethnicity, while about 32.7% are immigrants or foreign nationalities.

Officially belgium recognizes 3 religions, namely Christianity, islam and judaism(Jews). Nevertheless the country's constitution provides freedom of religion for its inhabitants and the government in general respects this right in practice.

Traditionally, roman catholicism is the majority religion in belgium especially in the flemish region, from a 2019 Survey it states, that about 60% of the belgian population is adherents of Christianity, with the majority being roman catholics.

While about 31% of the population declared no religion or atheist, and about 7% were adherents of the islamic religion, with the remaining 2% being adherents of other religions. Belgium has 3 official languages, namely Dutch, French and German.

It is estimated that 59% of the belgian population are native speakers of dutch or what is often referred to as flemish, and 40% of the country's population speaks French, while the belgian population who speak German is only 1% of the total population.

Belgium is a country with a constitutional monarchical parliamentary federal system. Under the provisions of the belgian constitution, national executive power is held by the king and the prime minister and his council of ministers, while legislative power is divided by the king, a bicameral parliament consisting of a representative chamber and a senate, as well as community and regional councils.

In practice, the role of the monarch as head of state is limited to representative and official functions, for which royal acts must be signed by ministers, who in turn are responsible for them to parliament.

And the current king of belgium is King philippe, he officially succeeded his father after his father abdicated the throne for health reasons on 21 july 2013. Meanwhile, the post of prime minister in Belgium is currently held by alexander de croo who has been in office since october 2020.

Belgium is a developed country, with a high-income economy. The country's economy is very oriented towards the service and service sector, besides that the belgian economy is also closely related to europe. as belgium is one of the founding countries of the european union and a member of a number of other international economic organizations, such as the belgian-luxembourg economic union and the benelux economic union.

And Historically, belgium was one of the first European countries to experience an industrial revolution at the beginning of the 19th century, which developed until the middle of the 20th century and made it one of the three most developed countries in the world between 1830 and 1910.

Belgian history The history of belgium refers to the history before the founding of a modern country with that name in 1830. The history of the country is closely related to the history of its neighboring countries, namely the Netherlands, Germany, France, and Luxembourg.

A little backwards, the earliest documented history for this region was the conquest of the gaulish region or western Europe carried out by the roman empire around the 1st century BC.

After the conquest, the area was later divided into several regions as part of the roman province.

After the collapse of the roman empire, in the 5th century AD this territory came under the rule of the franks, who founded the merovingian kingdom. In the 8th century AD, the carolingian dynasty succeeded merovingia as the ruler of the frank nation.

During those middle ages, the region was divided into several small feudal states such as the duchy of brabant, the county of Flanders, the principality of liege, and luxembourg. In the 13th and 14th centuries, the flemish district became one of the richest areas in europe as the fabric industry and trade flourished in the region.

But this prosperity played a role in the conflict that occurred between the flemish and the king of france. In the 15th century, the burgundian dukes in france managed to take over flanders, and from there they began to unite most of the territories referred to as low states or beneluxes, and later by the Burgundian dynasty these territories were referred to as burgundian netherlands.

The states later gained autonomy under the habsburg dynasty in the 16th century and were subsequently named as 17 provinces or belgica regia.

After the Burgundian regime, these territories had ties to the Austrian habsburg dynasty and later with the Spanish. The 16th century, precisely in 1568, was triggered by the policies of the Spanish government that tried to abolish protestantism.

Caused a split between the 17 provinces, where the northern part of the belgica regia consisting of 7 provinces formed a provincial union or what is often referred to as the Dutch republic.

While the southern part consisting of 10 provinces forms the southern Netherlands which is also called the Catholic Netherlands. This southern Netherlands consists of most of the territory of modern Belgium and Luxembourg, and some parts of the territory of the Netherlands and Germany.

The Spanish government's policy also triggered an 80-year war or war of independence that occurred until 1648. Which eventually separated the dutch republic and the southern netherlands.

The 17th century period was a period of some constantly protracted conflicts during the 17th to 18th centuries that also involved the French in it.

These included the franco-dutch war of 1672, the nine-year war from 1688 to 1697, the war of the Spanish succession of 1701, and part of the war of the austrian succession in 1740. Then in 1794, after the end of the french revolutionary war, the territory of the lower states was annexed by the first french republic it marked the end of austrian rule as the heir to the habsburgs in the region.

After napoleon's defeat in the waterloo war of 1815. Britain along with austria, prussia and russia as the winning party to the war, in the congress vienna, agreed to reunite the former territories of 17 provinces or low states, thus creating a union of the kingdom of the netherlands The purpose of the unification of this territory is, the kingdom of the netherlands will serve as a buffer state or buffer state against the invasion of france in the future.

Ideological differences between the catholic-majority southern provinces, and the protestant-majority northern provinces, eventually led to divisions within the kingdom.

The peak occurred in August 1830, when riots began to spread in cities in the southern provinces of the kingdom. This event became known as the belgian revolution, because after the conflict, it led to the separation of the southern provinces from the netherlands and the formation of the belgian state.

Since the appointment of leopold I as king on 21 July 1831, belgium has become a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy.

The country remains RELAXED even without the Central Government, Here's Belgium!

History of British Monarchy

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History of British Monarchy

History of British Monarchy

By 1913 the British Empire had grown rapidly and ruled 400 million people around the world. In its glory Britain has brought the glory of power and influence in each of its colonies and commonwealths.

The scope of its 13.01 million-mile territory makes it the largest Empire in history. What was the beginning of the history of the civilization of the British Empire before it was referred to as great breeting or Great Britain?

History of British Monarchy - This northwestern island of Europe is known as the inglos section civilization. The inglose section is a group of German speakers who immigrated to the southern part of the briten island from continental Europe. The history of the inglose section in Britain dates back to the end of Roman rule in which there were originally seven kingdoms in the English section including is englia mersia not humbria wisex and known as heptarki invasion fighting.

In the 9th century disrupted the balance of power of the 7th kingdom of life originally inglos section until finally England was unified in the 10th century. Under hegemony in the reconquest completed by the king of ethelstan in 927. And finally the conquest of England by the Normans under the leadership of William the conqueror in 1066.

As the baton grew in England passed from one ruler to another after William the conqueror began the leadership of the House of Normandy. Henry 2 of the House of Plantae took over the leadership in the 12th century the rudder continued to move until Elizabeth from one-door money became queen of England on 17 November 1558.

Subsequently King of Scotland James 6 bequeathed the English Throne in 1603 and became James 1 of England with the House store of England and Scotland. It was then two separate states with legislatures that were also separate but had the same king James who became king of Scotland.

History of British Monarchy - Then ambition to unite England and Scotland James' ambition was achieved in 1707 during the reign of the Queen. Although successful this journey of the union of the second crown of the United Kingdom and Scotland took place after several failed attempts in parliament. In the treaties and laws it was written The United Kingdom and the united kingdom were named Great Britain.

Attempts at unification between England and Ireland have existed since the mid-17th century. The uprising in 1798 and the threat of a French invasion led the government to consider this unification with various oppositions eventually the Dublin parliament and westminster passed the law that formed the United Kingdom of greath and Airlines.

Or the kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland the law came into force from one January 1801 under the provisions of the irish parliamentary union abolished. Ireland was given 100 MPs in Western while the irish noble title was represented in the House of Lords by 28 members who served for life. However this Irish inglot treaty expired on 6 December 1921 after part of Ireland decided to secede.

Then on April 12, 1927 the name of the kingdom changed to United Kingdom of great Brighton and northam Airline or the kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland which we know by the name of United Kingdom. In its development the British Empire has never been a static institution this kingdom is constantly mutating and changing in reaction to events of opportunity and threat.