Get to know more about nagorno Karabakh region!
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| Get to know more about nagorno Karabakh region! |
Arguably the most popular instance of interethnic conflict in the Caucasus region, Nagorno-Karabakh embodies deep rooted historical causes and bubbling territorial disputes that are tearing apart two neighbouring nations - Azerbaijan and Armenia. Though historically not a subordinate facet of either Azerbaijan or Armenia, Karabakh became at its heart a seemingly irreducible ethnic identity divide best defined by its religious autonomy from any given country... Today, as progress in this region remains difficult to detect after three decades of unresolved contention and numerous rounds of ceasefire agreements, Nagorno-Karabakh still exists as a crucible for interethnic antipathy and violence across the
Nagorno-Karabakh is an autonomous, but internationally unrecognized highest political unit in the Caucasus region.
The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict was a result of Stalin'sization policies and incompetence of ethnically focused republics creation of the Soviet Union.
After Bolsheviks captured control over Azerbaijan, it was decided to keep it part of the same entity with Northern Zoroastrian Republic as Orenku'shta Region. Nagorno Karabakh, populated by Azeri Turks, Albanians and Armenians, was moved under jurisdiction of Armenian SSR at that time.
It resulted in establishment of pervasively persecuted Azeri population by following disputed referendum(1989). It earned international recognition as Azerbaijani territory after successful operation undertaken by Azerbaijan Democratic Republic during the 1990s.
Get to know more about nagorno Karabakh region!
In a new era where information is available at our fingertips, exploring the nagorno Karabakh region of Azerbaijan is carried out mostly by very few. NKR's not your typical tourist spot because it’s a place ravaged by poverty and intractable geopolitical issues, or a country without peace. Karabakh is the homeland of 1.5 million people and in closed military parts Azerbaijani territories to it borders.
Have you ever heard of the name of the artsakh republic? Maybe only a few of you have heard of the name of the republic. What about the name nagorno karabakh? A name that has been heard frequently lately is reported, along with the news of the outbreak of war between armenians and azerbaijanis.
The artsakh republic, also known as the nagorno karabakh republic, is one of the countries with limited recognition, since only a few states recognize the sovereignty of this country, while the international world still recognizes its territory as part of the territory of azerbaijan.
It can be said that this republic stands on the territory of a dispute that has been going on for decades between armenia and azerbaijan. More about the artsakh republic? Here's the article.
The artsakh republic, is a country located in transcaucasia otherwise known as the south caucasus region, that is, in the mountains of the south caucasus on the border of eastern europe and west asia. The artsakh republic is also known as the nema of the nagorno karabakh republic.
It is de facto a country, but de jure it is one of the few countries in the world with limited recognition. This means that the full sovereignty of this country has not been recognized by all countries in the world.
One of the countries that does not recognize artsakh independence is azerbaijan which is its own neighbor country, azerbaijan claims that artsakh region as part of azerbaijan. So is the international world that considers the artsakh region as part of azerbaijan.
Artsakh is to the west of the country of azerbaijan, and also borders the country of western armenia and borders iran in the southern part.
The area of the artsakh republic is about 11,458 square kilometers, if we compare with the area of the territory that exists in Indonesia, the area of this country is slightly larger than the area of gorontalo province in Sulawesi. This country is one of the countries that does not have maritime territory because of its position that is confined by the land area of other countries.
Most of the territory of the republic is mountainous, the country is in a plateau with an average height of 1,100 meters above sea level and about 36% of the country's territory is forest with more than 2000 types of plants. The capital of the country is in the city of stepanakert which is also the largest city in artsakh.
The total population of the artsakh republic is about 151,000 inhabitants with 89% of them being armenians, and 10% being azerbaijanis, the rest are russians and some ukrainians. Most of the population adheres to christianity and the official language of the country is armenian. The form of government of this country is a presidential republic with executive power in the hands of the president who is the head of state as well as the head of government.
The president of the republic is directly elected in the general elections for a term of 2 years. In relation to the international world, since no UN member or observer currently recognizes the sovereignty of the artsakh republic, the country has no foreign relations of a diplomatic and official nature, However, the Artsakh Republic operates five permanent Missions and one Bureau of Socio-Political Information in armenia, australia, france, germany, russia, the united states, and one for several middle eastern countries based in Beirut.
The purpose of the office is to present the position of the republic on various issues, as well as provide information and facilitate the peace process. The artsakh republic is a member of the community of democracy and rights of nations, commonly known as the commonwealth of unrecognized states, with other members such as transnistria, abkhazia and southern ossetia.
The social and economic situation of the republic was greatly affected by the presence of prolonged conflicts. However, foreign investment began to arrive, and most of the venture capital came from armenia, russia, the united states, france, australia, iran and the middle east. The cultivation and processing of agricultural products, especially grapes, is one of the priority economic developments.
The country's banking system is managed by artsakhbank which is an armenian bank based in the city of yerevan, as well as a number of other armenian banks. The artsakh republic uses armenian dram with AMD code as their official currency. 1 armenian dram if converted to rupiah is about 30 rupiah.
History of artsakh Since the 5th century BC, the artsakh region was part of armenia, it continued until the 10th century AD. Although the armenian leadership underwent a change of dynasties and rulers, as when it came under persian and arab rule, many armenian territories including artsakh, were ruled by armenian nobles.
After the war with the byzantine empire, and with the arrival of the seljuk turks in the latter half of the 11th century, the armenian kingdom collapsed, and artsakh became an autonomous occupation of khachen, ruled by the house of hasan jalalyan which was one of the armenian dynasties. During this time, the land west of the Kura river all the way to the eastern slopes of the Zangezur mountains would be known as Karabakh , with the land of the Khachen Kingdom corresponding to the plateau.
During the period of Mongol domination, most Armenians left the Karabakh lowlands and sought refuge in the mountainous plateaus of the region.
The Khachen kingdom was eventually divided among the five Armenian princes, known as melik, collectively known as the Five Melikdoms of Karabakh which literally means "five kingdoms of Karabakh" in addition to being also referred to as Khamsa , which means "five" in Arabic.
In the 16th century, Karabakh came under Iranian rule for the first time in almost a millennium with the rise of the Safavid Empire in which the territory of modern Artsakh became part of karabakh province .
The Armenian princes continued to rule autonomously in the Karabakh plateau during this time. By the middle of the 18th century, the entire Karabakh became a khanate or semi-independent province called the Karabakh Khanate that lasted for about 75 years.
The Russian Empire entered this region in 1805, and declared Artsakh a protectorate of Russia and formally annexed the territory from Iran in 1813 in accordance with the Gulistan Treaty. The Armenian prince lost his status as a prince or melik in 1822.
Following the collapse of the Russian Empire during World War I, Transcaucasia became a stage of war between every political entity that emerged in the region such as Armenia , Azerbaijan , and Georgia and their neighboring Ottoman Empire.
The newly formed Republic of Armenia on May 28, 1918 claimed most of the Karabakh plateau , which was also claimed by the newly formed Azerbaijan Democratic Republic.
Aid from the Republic of Armenia to Karabakh was limited as they fought against the enemy on all fronts, but the Armenian forces in Zangezur and the region formerly known as khachen or artsakh managed to maintain their control of their territory and consistently resist attacks from azerbaijan and quell muslim uprisings from within.
Azerbaijan maintains control over the Karabakh lowlands and some areas between Zangezur and Artsakh. After the collapse of the ottoman empire, the British empire placed itself in azerbaijan and advocated that all Karabakh including zangezur and artsakh should be part of azerbaijan until the border could be decided peacefully at the upcoming paris peace conference in 1919.
But it turned out that the fighting did not stop, until the troops of the red army from russia began to recapture the former territory of the Russian Empire and created azerbaijani soviet.out of the azerbaijani democratic republic in 1920.
The fall of azerbaijan gave armenians the opportunity to unite decently with the armenian warriors in zangezur and artsakh, but they were taken over by the Red Army on 26 May 1920. And the remnants of the armenians fell into the hands of the red army shortly thereafter.
In December 1920 under soviet pressure, the central authorities issued a statement that karabakh, zangezur, and nakhchivan were all transferred to armenian control. Stalin announced the decision on December 2, but azerbaijani leader Narimanov later rejected the decision.
In 1921, Joseph stalin officially moved the armenian-populated karabakh plateau to soviet azerbaijan to try to appease the turks, although the majority of zangezur remained in soviet armenia.
Under these circumstances, soviet armenia and soviet azerbaijan were incorporated into the soviet union on December 20, 1922. The inclusion of artsakh into soviet azerbaijan caused an uproar among the armenians, which led to the creation of a nagorno-karabakh autonomy oblast in soviet azerbaijan on July 7, 1923 and was implemented in November 1924.
Although the armenians in nagorno-karabakh continued to want reunification with the armenians, the conflict was largely dormant during the soviet era. During the dissolution of the USSR , the nagorno-karabakh conflict was revitalized.
The armenians in nagorno-karabakh declared their independence as a mountainous karabakh republic with a view to reuniting with the newly independent armenians.
The declaration was rejected by the also newly independent Azerbaijan , which led to the Nagorno-Karabakh War on February 20, 1988 to May 12, 1994, which resulted in a ceasefire in May 1994, and the de facto independence of the artsakh republic, whose territory remains internationally recognized as part of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
That's the history about the artsakh republic state, and to get to know more about this country, here are 10 facts about the artsakh republic.