Ho Chi Minh: A Revolutionary Leader of Vietnam

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Ho Chi Minh: A Revolutionary Leader of Vietnam

 

Nama	Ho Chi Minh
Tanggal Lahir	19 Mei 1890
Tempat Lahir	Kim Lien, Nghe An Province, Vietnam
Kebangsaan	Vietnam
Pekerjaan	Revolutionary Leader, Politician, Writer, Poet
Meninggal Dunia	2 September 1969
Tempat Wafat	Hanoi, North Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh: A Revolutionary Leader of Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969) was a revolutionary and independence leader of Vietnam who played a crucial role in the history of Vietnam. He was known as "Bac Ho" or "Uncle Ho" by the Vietnamese people and was respected as one of the founders of modern-day Vietnam.

Early Life

Ho Chi Minh was born on May 19, 1890, in the village of Kim Lien, Nghe An Province, Vietnam, with the name Nguyen Sinh Cung. His father was a schoolteacher and a poet. When Ho Chi Minh was young, he witnessed the French colonization and oppression of Vietnam, which influenced his beliefs and led him to join the Vietnamese independence movement. In 1911, Ho Chi Minh left Vietnam and went to Europe to learn about the independence movement and socialist ideology.

Struggle for Independence

After studying in Europe, Ho Chi Minh joined the Communist International Movement. He also joined the Indonesian independence movement and visited China, the Soviet Union, and Japan to expand his revolutionary network.

In 1941, Ho Chi Minh returned to Vietnam and formed the League for Independence of Vietnam (Viet Minh) with the goal of driving out the French colonizers and freeing Vietnam from colonial rule. Viet Minh began to launch guerrilla warfare and partisan warfare against the French army, which was trying to regain control of Vietnam after Japan surrendered at the end of World War II.

In 1954, after almost eight years of guerrilla and partisan warfare, Ho Chi Minh led his forces in the successful Battle of Dien Bien Phu, and France recognized the independence of Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh then became the president of North Vietnam and organized the building of a new, independent, and socialist state.

Leadership and Influence

As the leader of North Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh advocated for socialist policies and emphasized the importance of education and healthcare for the people. He also fought for women's rights, the welfare of the people, and social equality. In the late 1950s, Ho Chi Minh began leading a war against South Vietnam, which was supported by the United States.

Ho Chi Minh was very popular among the Vietnamese people. He was known for being humble, modest, and caring for his people. He often walked, wearing sandals, and dressed in ordinary clothes. He was also known as a writer and poet, and many of his famous writings are still widely read in Vietnam.

Death and Legacy

Ho Chi Minh passed away on September 2, 1969, at the age of 79. However, his legacy of fighting for the independence and unity of Vietnam continues to this day. Vietnam, which is now an independent and united country, has formed a nation with a rich and diverse culture.

Ho Chi Minh is honored as one of the founders of modern-day Vietnam and a leader revered by his people. His leadership and struggle continue to influence the politics and society of Vietnam today. He is considered a symbol of courage and struggle, as well as a symbol of the desire for independence from colonialism and imperialism.

In addition to Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh's influence is felt in other Asian countries that fought for independence from colonization. He has become an inspiration for many leaders and revolutionaries in Asia and around the world.

In Vietnamese history, Ho Chi Minh is remembered as one of the great leaders who brought great change to his people. His leadership and struggle helped to transform Vietnam's destiny from a country that was oppressed and colonized into an independent and rapidly developing country.

In his struggle, Ho Chi Minh emphasized the importance of unity and solidarity among the people, as well as courage and steadfastness in the face of obstacles and challenges. He is an inspiring figure who left behind a legacy of struggle that will be remembered by generations of Vietnamese people to come.

Conclusion

Ho Chi Minh was a remarkable leader who dedicated his life to the fight for independence and social equality. He was an inspiration to many and is remembered as a symbol of the Vietnamese people's struggle against colonialism and imperialism.

Ho Chi Minh's legacy continues to inspire people around the world who fight for independence, freedom, and social justice. His leadership, commitment to the people, and revolutionary ideals will forever be remembered in history.

The Legendary Investor and Philanthropist: Warren Buffett's Journey to Success

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The Legendary Investor and Philanthropist: Warren Buffett's Journey to Success

Full Name	Warren Edward Buffett
Date of Birth	August 30, 1930
Place of Birth	Omaha, Nebraska, United States
Nationality	United States
Occupation	Investor, CEO of Berkshire Hathaway
Net Worth	Over $100 billion (2021)
Investment Career	Started at a young age and became a billionaire at the age of 56
Investment Philosophy	Value investing
Philanthropic Activities	Donated billions of dollars to education, healthcare, and poverty alleviation. Signatory of The Giving Pledge.
Lifestyle	Simple and non-luxurious, still lives in the same house for over 50 years and enjoys simple foods like burgers and fries.

Warren Buffett is one of the most successful and respected investors in the world. Born in Omaha, Nebraska in 1930, he started his investment career at a young age and became a billionaire at the age of 56. He is the CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, a multinational conglomerate holding company that owns a variety of businesses, including insurance, retail, and manufacturing.

Buffett's success as an investor is legendary. He is known for his value investing strategy, which involves buying stocks at a low price and holding onto them for the long term. His investment approach has made him one of the richest people in the world, with a net worth of over $100 billion.

In addition to his success as an investor, Buffett is also known for his philanthropic activities. He is a signatory of The Giving Pledge, a campaign started by Bill Gates and Melinda Gates, which encourages the world's wealthiest people to give away at least half of their wealth to charitable causes. He has donated billions of dollars to various causes, including education, healthcare, and poverty alleviation.

Buffett is also admired for his integrity and honesty, as well as the importance he places on giving back to society through philanthropy.

However, unlike most billionaires, Buffett is known for his simple lifestyle and avoidance of the luxurious lifestyle typically associated with wealthy individuals. He still lives in the same house he has for over 50 years, drives an American-made car, and enjoys simple foods like burgers and fries. His simple lifestyle has earned him respect as a humble and non-greedy individual.

Despite his successes, Buffett is not without criticism and controversy. There have been instances where his company, Berkshire Hathaway, has been involved in scandals, such as the Salomon Brothers case in 1991 and the Clayton Homes case in 2003. Additionally, he has been criticized for refusing to pay back taxes that have been disputed by the government.

Nevertheless, Buffett's success as an investor and recognized philanthropist remains undeniable. He is an inspirational figure to many around the world on achieving business success with integrity and honesty, and giving back to society through philanthropy.

In recent years, Buffett has begun transferring his ownership in Berkshire Hathaway to charitable foundations. He also provides investment and life advice to many through interviews and his writing. His success and contributions to business and life remain an inspiration to many worldwide, making him one of the most prominent figures in the history of investment.

Here are 21 Facts About the Country of Zimbabwe

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Here are 21 Facts About the Country of Zimbabwe

Here are 21 Facts About the Country of Zimbabwe

here are 21 facts about the country of zimbabwe. The name zimbabwe comes from the term shona people to denote the stone structure of great zimbabwe, an ancient city in the southeastern part of the country.

There are 2 theories that discuss the origin of the word from zimbabwe, the first zimbabwe comes from the word dzimba-dza-mabwe, which is translated from the karanga shona dialect as a stone house. The second theory says zimbabwe represents a form of dzimba-hwe, which means a revered house and comes from the zezuru shona dialect. The word usually refers to the house or grave of the chief.

Great zimbabwe or great zimbabwe was the capital of the kingdom of zimabwe in the late iron age. In about the 11th ababd the area of the city was later rebuilt by the shona people. This stone town stretches over an area of 7.22 square kilometers, and today the great city of Zimbabwe is recognized as one of the world heritage sites by unesco. The current flag design of Zimbabwe was first adopted on 18 april 1980.

The flag of zimbabwe consists of a green color symbolizing agriculture and rural areas, a yellow color symbolizing mineral wealth, a red color symbolizing blood shed, and a black color symbolizing the indigenous peoples of Africa. While the symbols on the flag design also have their own meanings, such as the white triangle is a symbol of peace, the golden bird is the national symbol of Zimbabwe, and the red star is a symbol of the nation's aspirations.

Zimbabwe is one of the countries with the most official languages in the world, there are 16 official languages in the country of zimbabwe, namely English, chewa, chibarwe, kalanga, koisan, nambya, ndau, ndebele, shangani, shona, sotho, tonga, tswana, venda, xhosa and sign language. Bob Marley, one of the Jamaican musicians fighting capitalism and oppression of blacks, was invited to perform to celebrate Zimbabwe's internationally recognized independence.

Bob Marley spent tens of thousands of dollars flying with his band and equipment. It's commendable that Bob marley used his personal money for the show. The concert was attended by approximately 40 thousand spectators in which there were heads of government and officials from all over the world, including prince charles.

Although the peaceful concert of the celebration of independence was considered a mess , due to the riots that were carried out outside the stadium that tried to get inside. But after the incident bob marley agreed to perform again the next day, with about 100,000 people in attendance.

The country of Zimbabwe is one of the countries with the highest inflation and unemployment rate in the world, Due to the impact of hyperinflation that has hit its country, zimbabwe is the only country in the world that has 8 official currencies used in its country, including: the american dollar, the south african rand, also the bostwana, the pound, the pound, the australian dollar, the yuan, the rupee and the yen.

The official currency of zimbabwe itself used to be the zimbabwean dollar encoded with zwd, when hyperinflation occurred in 2008 ago, the exchange rate of the zimbabwean dollar became worthless. At that time 35 quadrillion or 35,000 trillion Zimbabwean dollars was only equivalent to 1 us dollar. Due to hyperinflation and the economic crisis that hit zimbabwe, the prices of goods and services in the country seemed unreasonable.

For example, 100 billion zimbabwean dollars is only enough to buy 3 eggs, and 100 trillion zimbabwean dollars is not enough to pay the fare of taking a bus. The worthlessness of zimbabwean dollars forced zimbabwe's central bank to print huge denominations. The country's central bank once printed 100 trillion zimbabwean dollars of denomination banknotes in 2009.

Zimbabwe's former president, Robert Gabriel Mugabe, is one of the oldest leaders and is one of the longest-serving leaders of a non-royal state in the world. Mugabe has served as zimbabwean leader for the past 36 years. The man, who was born on February 21, 1924, served as prime minister of zimbabwe from 1980 to 1987 and then served as president of zimbabwe from 1987 to 2017. 11.

In 2016, Zimbabwe also in 2016 Zimbabwe was also one of the countries with the lowest life expectancy in the world. With an average age of 58 years for women, and 57 years for men. Malaria and cholera are common diseases in the country of Zimbabwe, according to WHO data, in 2009 there were 760,000 cases of malaria in the country.

In addition, one-third of zimbabwean society is declared to be affected by chronic malnutrition. Zimbabwe suffers from a shortage of health care professionals, many health professionals from the country are choosing to leave their country and seek better opportunities in other countries. Despite all the bad things of zimbabwe, in this country also has positive things that make this country able to bounce back.

Zimbabwe is one of the most educated countries on the continent, based on data from the UNESCO Institute of Statistics, in 2015, the literacy rate in the country reached almost 90%. More than half of Zimbabwe's population is under the age of 21, making the country one of the youngest countries by age of its population. According to the traditions of the zimbabwean people, it is said that a big or big belly in a man is considered a symbol of wealth and well-being.

Although far away from the ocean, the people of Zimbabwe have beliefs about the existence of mermaids. Mermaids are often blamed for every incident that happened to them such as kidnappings and murders. Zimbabwe has a waterfall that is one of the wonders of the world, namely the victoria waterfall. The waterfall is located on the zambeszi river, the height of the victoria waterfall reaches more than 100 meters and has an area of more than 1 kilometer.

The beauty of victoria falls makes it a mainstay of the tourism sector in the country of zimbabwe Kariba Lake, is one of the largest artificial lakes in the world. Located on the border of zimbabwe and zambia, the lake is 220 kilometers long and 40 kilometers wide with a depth of up to 97 meters or 318 feet. The balancing rocks found in the matopos national park, are considered the national symbol of zimbabwe.

Balancing rocks are a geomorphological feature of igneous rocks, consisting of rocks arranged upwards and without support around them. these stones are formed naturally which are found in many parts of zimbabwe.

That's a summary of the history and facts about the country of zimbabwe, a country located on the southern african continent, which had experienced such a severe crisis that the money in their country seemed worthless, Thank you for watching and waiting for the next video from us. Don't forget to like share and subscribe!

History and Facts of Zanzibar! Spice Producing Countries in Africa

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History and Facts of Zanzibar! Spice Producing Countries in Africa

History and Facts of Zanzibar! Spice Producing Countries in Africa

Zanzibar is a region in east africa, which some may think is a sovereign state, but in reality the territory of zanzibar is part of the state of tanzania. Although this region has its own system of government and president. More details about zanzibar, here's the article.

Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous region of the tanzanian state. A semi-autonomous region is an internal territory of a sovereign state that has a degree of self-governing autonomy under the national government. Autonomous regions differ from federated constituent units in that they have unique powers for their circumstances that are usually geographically different from those of a part of a principal or parent state.

An example of a constituent region is as in the video about the country of aruba. Zanzibar was previously one of the protectorate territories of the british empire, after the end of the british protectorate period, this region was once a country with a constitutional monarchical system within the british commonwealth.

Then after the zanzibar revolution the monarchical system was replaced with the people's republic of zanzibar and pemba It didn't last long before this republic then merged with the mainland handicraft and became a united republic with tanzania. Where zanzibar remains a semi-autonomous region. The zanzibar region itself is one of the islands in the Indian Ocean.

Located on the swahili coast, its territory is adjacent to the territory of tanganyika or mainland Tanzania. Having an area of 2,462 square kilometers, the island is separated from mainland Tanzania by a 56-kilometer-wide canal. Sabagai autonomous regions of zanzibar have their own capital. Its capital is in zanzibar city which is also the largest city in the region.

Although its historic center is in the 'City of Stone', which was once a coastal trading center along the East coast of Africa. The 'Stone City of Zanzibar' was carved as a World Heritage Site in 2000. In addition to being a spice country Zanzibar is the oldest Swahili city in the world that is still functioning. Swahili culture has been going on for a long time in the East African region, precisely on the swahili coast.

The areas directly adjacent to the sea include Tanzania, Kenya Uganda Mozambique and also some islands adjacent to Zanzibar, During the historical era slavery in Zanzibar was rife for many years until 1873 when.

Sultan Barghash was forced by the British to declare that the slave trade was illegal under the threat of bombing by the Navy There was not a single group specifically responsible for the Zanzibar slave trade like the Arabs who were the great merchants of Zanzibar, the Europeans who used slaves to work on their plantations, while the African rulers sold the captives claimed in battle.

Zanzibar is inhabited by about 1.4 million inhabitants The majority of the population of Zanzibar is muslim with a percentage reaching 99%. The official languages spoken in this region are Swahili, Arabic and English. Zanzibar also had their own government known as the revolutionary government of Zanzibar, which consisted of a revolutionary council and a house of representatives.

The region is headed by a president who also serves as a government member. The main industries of zanzibar are spices, products from the raffia tree, and tourism. In particular, these islands produce cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon and black pepper.

Cloves in this region originally came from the Maluku islands, Indonesia. Cloves were introduced in zanzibar by the sultan of oman at the beginning of the 19th century. The zanzibar region, especially on pemba island was once the world's leading producer of cloves. For this reason, the zanzibar archipelago, along with the mafia island and tanzania, is sometimes referred to locally as the spice archipelago, a term borrowed from the moluccan archipelago in indonesia.

History of zanzibar. History begins in this region since, the islands of the zanzibar region became a base for traders who sailed between the great lakes of Africa, the Somali Peninsula, the Arabian Peninsula, Iran and the Indian Subcontinent. The people of Oman and Yemen settled in what is now the city of zanzibar, they made this city a point for trading with cities on the coast of swahili.

Vasco da gama's visit in 1498 marked the beginning of European influence in the region. In the years 1503 to 1504, zanzibar became part of the portuguese kingdom when the captain of the ruy lourenço ravasco marques landed and demanded and received tribute from the sultan, in exchange for peace.

Originally the region became part of a portuguese province in arab, ethiopia and was taken care of by a governor-general. Around 1571, zanzibar became part of the western division of the portuguese empire and was ruled from mozambique. However, the portuguese presence in this region was still relatively limited, so the administration was in the hands of local leaders and pre-existing power structures.

This system lasted until 1631. The local elites invited the merchant princes of Oman to settle in zanzibar in the first half of the nineteenth century, and preferred them to the Portuguese. Beginning in 1886, great Britain and Germany planned to gain part of the zanzibar sultanate for their own kingdom.

Control over zanzibar eventually reached the hands of the british empire, as part of a political push that was a 19th-century movement to abolish the slave trade. Zanzibar was the center of the arab slave trade, and in 1822, the British consul in muscat pressured the sultan said to end the slave trade. In 1890 zanzibar became a protectorate of england, not as a british colony.

This status meant that zanzibbar continued to be under the sovereignty of the sultan of zanzibar. From 1890 to 1913, traditional viziers ruled their territory supervised by advisers appointed by the British colonial office. on December 10, 1963, the protectorate that had existed in zanzibar since 1890 was ended by the British. Great Britain did not grant independence to zanzibar, because it never had sovereignty over zanzibar.

With the zanzibar-british empire act of 1963, the british ended the protectorate and made provisions for full self-government in zanzibar as an independent state in the commonwealth. After the protectorate was abolished, zanzibar became a constitutional monarchy within the commonwealth under the Sultan.

But this state of affairs was short-lived, as the sultan and the democratically elected government were overthrown on January 12, 1964 in the zanzibar revolution led by john okello, a Ugandan citizen who organized and led the revolution with his followers on the island. The sultanate was replaced by the people's republic of zanzibar and pemba, a socialist government led by the afro-shirazi party.

Several thousand ethnic Arabs and Indian civilians were killed and thousands more were detained or expelled, their property confiscated or destroyed. The arabs and indians, fled the island as a result of the revolution. The film Africa Addio in 1966 documented the violence and massacre of unarmed ethnic Arab civilians.

In April 1964, the republic of zanzibar joined the mainland. The united republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar soon changed its name, combining the two names, as a united republic of Tanzania, in which zanzibar remained a semi-autonomous region. Despite joining the tanganyika, the zanzibar retained the revolutionary council and the house of representatives.

Until 1992, the region still ran a one-party system and had power over domestic issues. That's the history about the zanzibar region, and to get to know more about this region, here are 20 facts about the country of zanzibar.

Here are 20 facts about the country of zambia.

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Here are 20 facts about the country of zambia.

Here are 20 facts about the country of zambia.

Before the era of independence the territory from this country was known by the name of northern rhodesia, then after independence its name was changed to the republic of zambia.

The name zambia is taken from the name of the zambezi river that crosses the country of zambia. The Zambezi is the largest and fourth longest river in africa after the nile, congo and niger. The national flag of zambia was adopted by the country since its independence on 24 October 1964.

The basic color of the zambian flag is green which symbolizes the richness of nature or fertile land, with the image of an eagle on the right side that symbolizes freedom and represents the ability of the people to overcome the nation's problems, under the image of the eagle there are 3 color lines, namely red which symbolizes the nation's struggle for freedom, black represents the people of Zambia, and orange symbolizes the natural resources and mineral wealth of the land.

Lusaka is the capital of the country of zambia, the city was originally planned only to accommodate a population of about 200,000 inhabitants, but today lusaka is the most populous city in zambia with a population of about 1.7 million. Zambia's economy is mainly based on the mining industry of mineral resources, the main exports of the country are copper and cobalt To date zambia is one of the ten largest copper-producing countries in the world.

The nchanga mine located in the chingola of copperbelt province, zambia is the second largest open pit mining area or surface mine in the world. The area of this mining area covers about 30 square kilometers with a depth of up to 400 meters. Mining activities in the nchanga open pit mine have been started since 1955.

In 2010, the world bank called zambia one of the fastest reformed countries in the world, due to rising copper prices and the government giving more investment to the tourism and agricultural industries. A little contradiction with the previous facts, according to human development index data, zambia is one of the poorest countries in the world.

The country is 165th out of 177 countries surveyed. Zambia's population is relatively smaller compared to the territory of its country, and its growth rate is lower than that of its neighbors in sub-Saharan Africa. Life expectancy in Zambia is below the global average. The population of the country is relatively young, almost half of which is under the age of 15 years. and

Zambia's birth rate is much higher than the world average, and its mortality rate is among the highest in the world caused by HIV/AIDS disease in the country. The plains of Zambia are mostly plateaus, with some hills and mountains.

The lowest point of the country is in the zambezi river with an altitude of 329 meters above sea level, and its highest point is in mafinga at an altitude of 2,339 meters above sea level.

Kariba Lake is the largest man-made lake and reservoir in the world, this lake is located along the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe. Kariba lake has a length of more than 223 kilometers and a width of up to 40 kilometers. The lake covers an area of ​​5,580 square kilometers and has a storage capacity of 185 cubic kilometers. The maximum depth of this lake is 97 meters.

Zambia is famous for its Victoria Falls, the largest waterfall in the world is designated by UNESCO as a world heritage site and is one of the 7 wonders of the world. This waterfall is located on the border between zambia and zimbabwe, Both countries allow tourists to take a day trip across the border to see the falls from both viewpoints.

Visitors with single-entry visas are required to purchase a visa each time they cross the border. visas can be obtained at both border posts. visitors are advised to check the rules currently in effect in both countries before crossing the border in either direction, while foreign tourists are required to purchase a KAZA visa for US$50 which will allow visitors to travel between Zambia and Zimbabwe for up to 30 days during their stay in the covered countries Zambian people call Victoria Falls by the name mosi ao tunya which means thunderous smoke.

Besides being used as tourism, this waterfall with a height of 108 meters is used as a hydroelectric power plant. The first European to see a large waterfall on the Zambezi River was Sir David Livingstone, he was an explorer from Scotland who traveled down the Zambezi River and saw a large waterfall on the Zambezi River in 1855.

In addition, he also discovered the source of the Nile River, Sir David Livingstone named the waterfall Victoria Falls, which was taken from the name of Queen Victoria from England.

The rumbling sound of Victoria Falls can be heard from a distance of 40 kilometers, and splashes of water can reach a distance of 400 meters and still feel the drizzle up to a distance of 50 kilometers, so the forest around the waterfall gets rain from the waterfall for 24 hours a day and 7 day of the week.

The beauty of Landsape from Zambia has also been used as a location for shooting in the Black Panther film, one of which is the Devil's Pool at the Victoria Falls. In addition to the Victoria Falls in this country, there are also Nyonge waterfalls, Lumangwe waterfalls, Kundalila and also the second largest waterfall in Africa, namely the Kalambo waterfall.

Zambia has several national parks and the best wildlife sanctuaries or nature reserves that provide tourism potential, especially safari tourism. Among the famous national parks in Zambia are Kafue National Park, North Luwawa, South Luwawa and Zambezi Valley. Bangweulu, also known as the place where water meets sky, is the largest wetland system in the world consisting of lake bangweulu, bangweulu swamp and bangweulu flats or floodplains.

Bangweulu swamp is a habitat for 400 species of birds and is called a bird's paradise. Termite hills or mounds found in Zambia can grow and grow to the size of a house.

That is the history and facts of the country of Zambia, a country in southern Africa with its diversity and natural wealth, but has not been able to bring residents to enjoy a better standard of living. Hopefully this article can provide benefits for all of us. Thank you for reading and waiting for our next article

The country of Zambia! Once a Country with Zimbabwe, Here's History and Facts

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The country of Zambia! Once a Country with Zimbabwe, Here's History and Facts

The country of Zambia! Once a Country with Zimbabwe, Here's History and Facts

If in the previous video we have discussed about the region of southern rhodesia, which we are currently familiar with the country of zimbabwe. On this occasion we will talk about northern rhodesia.

A landlocked country in southern Africa, which before 1964 the country was still known by the name of northern rhodesia. Until finally it became independent from British colonialism and then changed the name of the country. More details about the country, here's the article.

The Republic of Zambia is the official name of the country that we usually call by the name of zambia or what was previously known as northern rhodesia. Zambia is a landlocked country in the southern african region.

The country, which does not have a coastline, borders countries such as the democratic republics of the congo in the north, Tanzania in the northeast, Malawi in the east, Mozambique in the southeast, Zimbabwe and Bostwana in the south, Namibia in the southwest and with ananglan states in the west. The capital of the country of zambia is in the city of lusaka.

The area of the country of zambia is about 752,618 square kilometers, Currently zambia is inhabited by about 17,351,708 inhabitants, of which 95.5% of the citizens are Christians. English is the official language spoken in the country of zambia. The country was also known by the name of northern rhodesia before gaining its independence from british colonial rule in 1964.

Today the form of government of the zambian state is a presidential republic, where the president plays the role of head of state as well as head of government in a plural multi-party system.

The government exercises executive power while the legislative power is held by the government and parliament. About 60% of Zambians live below the poverty line and the problem of unemployment is one of the serious problems faced by the country.

The Zambian kwacha is the official currency of the country of Zambia which replaced the currency of the Zambian Pound in 1968. Kwacha zambia is coded ZMW. 1 kwacha of zambia if converted to our currency is about 755 Rupiah. Zambia has many natural resources such as minerals. Zambia's economy has historically been heavily dependent on the copper mining industry.

Currently the government is running an economic diversification program to reduce economic dependence on the copper industry. The initiative is an attempt to exploit other components of Zambia's rich resource base by promoting agriculture, tourism, gemstone mining and water resources.

The history of zambia In the 12th century, the region now known as zambia had been inhabited by people who spoke the auxiliary language, they arrived in the region during the era of bantu expansion. Among them are also from the Tongan ethnic group or also known as batonga which means male.

The earliest recorded Europeans visiting the area were manuel caetano pareira a portuguese trader in 1796, then in 1798 an explorer of Portuguese origin, namely francisco de lacerda, also came to the region. He led an expedition from mozambique to zambia with the aim of exploring and traversing south africa from coast to coast.

In 1888, the British South Africa Company was abbreviated as BSA company, which was headed by cecil john rhodes who was a mining entrepreneur and also known as the english mining king. He obtained mineral rights concessions from the regional heads of the regions in the region. In the same year northern rhodesia and southern rhodesia were declared english spheres of influence.

In 1895, the rhodes asked the american scout frederick russel burnham to look for minerals and ways to improve river navigation in the region, and it was during this trip that burnham discovered the main copper deposits along the kafue river.

In 1923, the british government decided not to renew the charter or corporate authority, as a result of which southern Rhodesia was formally annexed and given self-government in the same year.

The BSA company led by rhodes then handed over control of northern rhodesia to the british government. After negotiations, the administration of northern Rhodesia was transferred to the british colonial office in 1924 as a protectorate area. After that a legislative council was established in the region, where its members were elected by a white minority and not a majority of blacks.

In 1928, huge copper reserves were discovered in the border regions of northern Zambia and south of the democratic republic of the Congo, or today the region is known as copperbelt. This then turned the rhodesia region into a copper exporting area. In 1938, the region produced about 13% of the world's copper extraction.

In 1953, a federation was formed that combined southern rhodesia and northern rhodesia and nyasaland which is currently referred to by the name malawi, as a semi-autonomous region. The federation formed is known as the central african federation. The formation of this federation was met with opposition from the population of africa, then in the years 1960 to 1961 there were demonstrations against the federation.

Northern Rhodesia was the epicenter of much of the turmoil and crisis that befell the federation in its final years. At the heart of the controversy are the demands of the people in Africa who are pressing for greater participation in government. In December 1962, two-stage elections were conducted in the region. The election resulted in a majority of africans sitting in the legislative council.

The Council then passed a resolution calling for the separation of northern Rhodesia from the federation and demanding its own internal government under a new constitution and a new national assembly based on a broader and more democratic franchise. The federation was finally dissolved on 31 December 1963. In January 1964, kenneth kaunda took office as prime minister of northern Rhodesia after successfully winning elections.

After the country became independent there was a rebellion in the northern part of the country carried out by members of the lumpa church group. It is an independent christian church that rejects all worldly authorities. The church began to have its own courts and refused to pay taxes or be registered with the state. This then led to a confrontation known as a lumpa rebellion.

The confrontation led to the death of about 700 members of the church and the arrest of Alice Lenshina as the leader of the rebellion. On 24 October 1964, Northern Rhodesia was transformed into the Republic of Zambia, with Kenneth Kaunda serving as the country's first president at the time of independence, despite the country's considerable mineral wealth.

Zambia faces great challenges at home, there are few trained and educated Zambians capable of running the government, and also the country's economy is heavily dependent on foreign expertise.

After independence, Zambia adopted a left-wing economic policy, the economy was to some extent run by central planning, under a 5 year plan. Private companies are nationalized and incorporated into state-owned enterprises.

Initially the policy was successful and Zambia's economy experienced very fast growth but in the 1970s the country's economy experienced a very drastic decline, because during those years the price of copper experienced a very sharp decline. Partly because the Soviet Union, also the world's second largest copper producer, flooded the copper market. This resulted in a very large deficit for these state-owned enterprises.

During the period between 1975 and 1990 Zambia's economy experienced a decline of about 30%. That's a summary of the history of the country of Zambia, and to know more about this country, here are 20 facts about the country of Zambia.